(1. 昆明理工大学 国土资源工程学院，昆明 650093；
2. 金属矿尾矿资源绿色综合利用国家地方联合工程研究中心，昆明 650093；
3. 云南缘矿科技开发有限公司，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 钕铁硼(NdFeB)永磁材料在众多领域得到广泛应用，在生产NdFeB永磁材料的过程中，会产生大量废料，直接丢弃不仅会污染环境，还是对二次资源的浪费。本文综述了NdFeB永磁废料中稀土循环利用的技术现状，对比分析了氯化法、合金法、选择氧化法等火法在工业应用中的现状和存在的不足；并且详细阐述了全溶法、盐酸优溶法、草酸沉淀法、硫酸复盐法、溶剂萃取法等湿法的研究情况，深入剖析了不同方法存在的局限和优势；同时，介绍了电沉积法、生物浸出法、氢化法、机械化学法等新技术方法的研究现状。在此基础上，展望了未来回收循环利用NdFeB永磁废料中稀土技术方法发展的方向。
关键字: 钕铁硼永磁材料；废料；稀土；循环利用；火法；湿法
（1. Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Comprehensive Utilization of Metal Mine Tailings Resources, Kunming 650093, China;
3. Yunnan Yuankuang Technology Development Co., Ltd., Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet materials are widely used in many fields. In the process of producing NdFeB permanent magnet materials, a large amount of waste will be generated. Direct discarding will not only pollute the environment, but also waste secondary resources. This article summarized the technical status of the recycling of rare earths in NdFeB permanent magnet waste. Comparative analysis of the current situation and shortcomings of fire methods in industrial applications such as chlorination method, alloy method, and selective oxidation method was carried out. The research status of wet methods, such as solvent extraction method, has deeply analyzed the limitations and advantages of different methods also was carried out. At the same time, the research status of new technology methods such as electrodeposition method, biological leaching method, hydrogenation method and mechanochemical method were introduced. On this basis, the future development direction of recycling and recycling of rare earth technology in NdFeB permanent magnet waste was prospected.
Key words: NdFeB permanent magnet material; waste; rare earth; recycling and utilization; fire method; wet method
