(华中科技大学 材料与科学学院，材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室，武汉 430074)
摘 要: 高熵合金由于其独特的多主元原子组成，具有与一般合金不同的微观结构和优异性能，是一种优良的结构工程材料。研究发现，不同于传统合金材料，随着温度的降低，高熵合金普遍保持优良的物理和力学性能，部分性能甚至还得到了提高，这使得高熵合金成为一种潜在的可应用于极端低温环境中的低温材料。低温处理作为热处理的延伸，在钢铁和有色金属中获得了广泛应用，近期研究发现低温处理对高熵合金同样具有效果。本文综述了高熵合金低温条件下的物理和力学性能变化，揭示了深冷处理及结合热处理和加工工艺的低温处理对高熵合金性能的作用机制，总结了高熵合金低温下获得优异性能的原理，以及低温处理对高熵合金组织结构的影响，并对高熵合金低温性能和低温处理的未来研究方向进行展望。
关键字: 高熵合金；低温；物理性能；力学性能；低温处理
（State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China）
Abstract:Because of its multi-principal component atomic composition, high entropy alloys(HEA) have the potential to be used as structural engineering materials. HEAs have different microstructure and excellent properties from traditional alloys. With the decrease of temperature, HEA s generally maintain excellent physical and mechanical properties, some of which have been improved. Thus HEAs can be used as a potential low temperature material in extreme environments such as polar research and space environment. As an extension of heat treatment, low temperature treatment is widely used in steel and nonferrous metal. Recent studies have found that low temperature treatment is also effective for HEAs. This paper summarizes the changes of physical and mechanical properties of HEAs at low temperatures. It reveals the effects of cryogenic treatment and cryogenic treatment combined with heat treatment and processing on the properties of HEAs. The principle of obtaining excellent properties of HEAs at low temperature and the effect of low temperature treatment on the microstructure of HEA s are summarized. The future research direction of low temperature performance and treatment of high entropy alloys are discussed.
Key words: high entropy alloy; low temperature; physical property; mechanical property; low temperature treatment
