(吉林大学汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室，长春 130022)
摘 要: 为提高铝镁合金压铆接头的铆接质量，本文提出了考虑材料-结构-工艺参数的多目标优化设计方法。首先，通过金属的拉伸和压缩试验，获取了铆钉和铆接板材料的本构模型参数；其次，建立了压铆接头的有限元仿真模型，并对接头的干涉量水平和干涉均匀度进行了分析和评价，将仿真与试验结果对比，验证了仿真的准确性；最后，选取压铆接头的材料、结构和工艺参数为设计变量，以接头的关键测点的相对干涉量、整体平均相对干涉量和相对干涉量标准差系数为优化目标，基于田口稳健性实验设计和灰色相关分析方法，结合熵权法得到的目标响应的权重值对压铆接头进行了一体化多目标优化，得到了各设计变量的最佳参数组合。多目标优化后，压铆接头的整体平均相对干涉量，从1.67%提高到2.36%，提升了41.3%，且优化后的值在航天工业标准推荐的范围内，相对干涉量标准差系数，从67.49%降低到41.0%，降低了39.3%，接头的整体干涉量水平和干涉量均匀度得到了双重提升。
关键字: 压铆接头；相对干涉量；灰色相关分析；熵权法；多目标优化
（State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China）
Abstract:This paper proposed a multi-objective optimization design method for the riveting quality of magnesium-aluminum alloy punch-forming rivet joint considering material-structure-process parameters. Firstly, the constitutive model parameters of rivet and riveted sheet materials were obtained through the metal tensile and compression tests; secondly, a finite element simulation model of punch-forming rivet joint was established, and the riveting interference level and uniformity of the rivet joint were analyzed and evaluated，the simulation and test results were compared to verify the accuracy of the simulation; finally, the material, structure and process parameters of the rivet joint were selected as the design variables, the relative interference values of key measuring positions，the average and the standard deviation coefficient of the measured relative interference values were determined as the optimization objectives, an integrated multi-objective optimization of the rivet joint was conducted based on Taguchi experiment and grey relational analysis method, combined with the weight values of the target responses obtained by the entropy weighting method, the optimal combination of the design variable levels was obtained. The results show that after multi-objective optimization, the overall average relative interference value of the rivet joint increases from 1.67% to 2.36%, increases by 41.3%, and the optimized overall average relative interference value is within the range recommended by the aerospace industry standard. The standard deviation coefficient of the relative interference values decreases from 67.49% to 41.0%, decreases by 39.3%. The optimization results show that the overall relative interference level and interference uniformity of the rivet joint are effectively improved.
Key words: punch-forming rivet joint; relative interference value; grey relational analysis; entropy weighting method; multi-objective optimization
