(1. 上海交通大学 材料科学与工程学院，上海200240；
2. 上海交通大学 轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心，上海 200240；
3. 上海交通大学 氢科学中心，上海 200240；
4. 上海工程技术大学 材料工程学院，上海 201620)
摘 要: 可充镁电池因其高体积比容量、高安全性及原料镁储量丰富等优势，有望成为“双碳”目标下规模化储能技术的优选电化学器件。然而目前可充镁电池还未能实现商业化，这与其存在的一些关键科学问题尚未明晰以及技术瓶颈还未被突破等因素有关。因此，本文从可充镁电池的安全性和能量密度出发，在梳理了可充镁电池发展历史的基础上，总结了可充镁电池器件中电解液、正极和负极材料的研究进展。文中主要介绍了格氏基、磺酸基和硼基电解液对改善镁可逆沉积/溶解和提高电压窗口的重要作用，并对Chevrel相Mo6S8、硫化物和氧化物作为正极材料的储镁机制进行了详细分析。然后对高电压的插层正极材料(尖晶石、层状和聚阴离子化合物)、高容量的转化正极材料(硫、氧和有机分子)和高功率的活性炭正极进行了着重介绍。此外，从电解液/电极界面反应机制着手，对镁、镁合金、铋和锡等金属以及石墨等负极材料进行了梳理分析。最后，本文从材料设计、器件匹配和应用场景角度，对可充镁电池未来商业化的挑战进行了总结和展望。
关键字: 可充镁电池；电解液；正极材料；负极材料；发展及挑战
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
2. National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China;
3. Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
4. School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China）
Abstract:Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are expected to be the preferred electrochemical devices for large-scale energy storage technology under the vision of achieving carbon peak and neutrality goals. RMBs have not been commercialized due to some key scientific questions and technical bottlenecks remain unresolved. In this review, we introduced the advantages of safety and energy density of RMBs, and summarized the research history and advances of electrolytes, cathode and anode materials in RMBs. The significant role of Grignard-based, sulfonic acid and boron-based electrolytes in improving reversible deposition/dissolution as well as voltage window of magnesium are discussed carefully. Meanwhile, the mechanism of magnesium ion storage of Chevrel phase Mo6S8, sulfides and oxides are analyzed in detail. Then the intercalation cathode materials with high voltage (such as spinel, layered and polyanion structure materials), conversion cathode materials with high capacity(such as sulfur, oxygen and organic molecules) and activated carbon cathode with high power are introduced and discussed. In addition, metals such as magnesium, magnesium alloys, bismuth and tin as well as graphite et al. as anode are discussed from electrolyte/electrode interface reaction mechanism. Finally, the materials and devices design and application scenarios of practical RMBs is summarized and prospected.
Key words: rechargeable magnesium batteries; electrolytes; cathode materials; anode materials; development and challenge
