(1. 重庆大学 材料科学与工程学院，重庆 400044；
2. 重庆大学 机械传动国家重点实验室，重庆 400044；
3. 清华大学 材料学院，北京 100084；
4. 北京适创科技有限公司，北京 100089)
摘 要: 合金性能主要取决于凝固过程中形成的枝晶、共晶组织和气孔等缺陷的形貌和分布。凝固过程是一个热质流交互作用的复杂相变过程，对多物理场作用下凝固组织和气孔等缺陷进行研究，是掌握和控制凝固过程，获得优良材料性能的关键。本文综述了合金凝固组织和气孔演变模拟方法的研究进展，尤其对相场法在求解枝晶、共晶组织和气孔等缺陷方面的研究，从定性到定量、纯物质到多元合金、两相到多相、单物理场到多物理场耦合等角度进行了总结和展望；对当前相场模拟中的六大高性能算法进行了总结，提出未来的研究方向将集中在相场理论完善、参数确定和计算效率提升等方面。
关键字: 枝晶；共晶；气孔；相场模拟；多物理场
（1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
4. Beijing Supreium Co. Ltd., Beijing 100089, China）
Abstract:The properties of alloys are highly dependent on the solidified microstructures and could be deteriorated by defects such as gas porosity. Uncovering the complex thermal-solute-convection interaction during solidification is a prerequisite to control solidification process and to obtain materials with excellent properties. With the development of computational materials science, numerical modeling is becoming an indispensable method to investigate the underlying physics during solidification. This work reviews the recent progress on the numerical simulation of alloy microstructure and gas porosity during solidification, especially on the phase-field modeling in the dendrite, eutectic and porosity evolution. The development process is divided into several aspects including from-qualitative-to-quantitative, from-pure-to-multicomponent, from-binary-to-multiphase and from-single-to-multiphysics stages. Six categories of high performance computing algorithms in phase-field computation are summarized and compared. The future direction can be focused on the development of the sophisticated models, determination of the modeling parameters, and advance of the robust algorithms.
Key words: dendrite; eutectic; gas porosity; phase-field simulation; multiphysics
