(中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院，生物冶金教育部重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 生物冶金已应用于全球50多个国家和地区。中国在国际上最早建立了基于基因组学的冶金微生物定量化技术，实现了微生物浸矿行为研究由表现型向基因型转变；建立了硫化矿分步氧化的微观化学反应模型，实现了生物冶金研究从宏观到微观的跨越。生物冶金过程强化技术已在海内外得到大规模工业化应用，建立了年处理矿石量达6000万t生物提铜厂；形成了具有自主知识产权的CCGRI生物氧化提金技术，建成了中国黄金行业的第一座高技术产业化示范工程；硫化物包裹类铀矿的铀浸出率提高至96%，使铀矿开采品位从千分之一降低到万分之三。中国生物冶金已处于世界领先地位，可使矿产资源利用率从33%提高到96%，大幅提升中国矿产资源的使用年限。
关键字: 生物技术；生物冶金；矿产资源；浸矿行为
（School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Central South University, China）
Abstract:Biohydrometallurgy has been applied in more than 50 countries and regions around the world. At present, the study of biometallurgy in China has entered the era of genomics. China firstly established the quantitative technology of bioleaching microorganisms based on genomics, which realized the transformation of the study on bioleaching behavior from phenotype to genotype. Meanwhile, stepwise oxidation model of sulfide ore was established at the microscopic level of chemical reaction, which realized the biohydrometallurgy from the macroscopic to the microscopic leap. Besides, the intensification technology of bioleaching process was applied industrially in the world on a large scale, and a bioleaching copper mine plant with an annual processing capacity of 60 million tons was established. CCGRI bio-oxidation gold extraction technology with independent intellectual property rights was formed, and the first high-tech industrialization demonstration project in China’s gold industry was built. The leaching rate of sulphide coated uranium ore increased to 96%, and the grade of uranium ore reduces from 1/1000 to 3/10000. The study on biohydrometallurgy in China has been in the world leading level, which can improve the utilization rate of mineral resources from 33% to 96%, greatly improving the service life of China’s mineral resources.
Key words: biotech; biohydrometallurgy; mineral resources; bioleaching behavior
