(中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 以电子加工行业产出的废铜包铁针为阳极，以不锈钢板为阴极，采用单因素试验法优化NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2N(CH2)2NH2体系隔膜电解回收铜工艺。结果表明：在阴极液组成为NH3·H2O 4.5 mol/L、(NH4)2SO4 1 mol/L、Cu(Ⅱ) 30 g/L、乙二胺0.4 mol/L以及阴极电流密度为350 A/m2的条件下隔膜电解12 h后，在阴极可以得到表面光滑平整的阴极铜板，阴极铜纯度99.95%。由于部分阳极铜以+1价溶解于电解液中，使得实际隔膜电解回收废铜包铁针时阴极电流效率达到106%(以+2价铜电化当量计算)，而阳极电流效率则为126%，脱铜后得到的铁针品位为99.3%。
关键字: 氨性体系；废杂铜处理；隔膜电解；电流效率；溶液循环
（School of Metallurgy and Environmental, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Using scrap copper coated iron needle as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode，the membrane electrolytic recovery of copper from scrap copper coated iron needle viaNH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2N(CH2)2NH2 system was optimized by single factor test. The experimental results show that, when the catholyte composition is NH3·H2O 4.5 mol/L，(NH4)2SO4 1mol/L, Cu (Ⅱ) 30 g/L, ethylenediamine 0.4 mol/L, and the cathode current density is 350 A/m2, a smooth cathode copper plate can be obtained at the cathode for 12 h electrowinning, and the grade of resultant cathode copper is 99.95%. The cathode current efficiency is 106% (calculated at +2 valence copper electrification equivalent), while the anode current efficiency is 126%, because some anode copper dissolves in the electrolyte at +1 valence. The grade of iron needle obtained after copper removal is 99.3%.
Key words: ammoniacal system; copper scraps treatment; membrane electrowinning; current efficiency; effluent recycle
