(1. 南华大学 化学化工学院，衡阳 421001； 2. 国防科技大学 航天科学与工程学院，长沙 410073)
摘 要: 简单介绍反应结构材料(Reactive material structures, RMS)的概念、种类、应用、能量特性、力学性能要求以及应用时存在的主要困难，概述近些年来国内外研究者对RMS开展的研究工作，重点介绍了RMS的常用制备技术及其结构设计方面的研究状况。通过分析材料制备技术的特点、致密化原理和强化机制，并结合RMS的反应特性，对比分析了各种RMS制备技术的优缺点，指出它们的适用范围和应用前景，为RMS制备技术选择提供参考。指出组元多元化、新材料体系开发、强化机制研究、低温致密化和可控塑性变形强化技术开发、大型复杂样件制备技术开发、组织结构和复合方式优化是RMS及其制备技术的主要发展趋势。
关键字: 反应结构材料；热反应；制备技术；铝热剂；金属间化合物型复合材料
（1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; 2. College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China）
Abstract:The concept, kind, application, energetic characteristics, mechanical requirement, and the main difficulties in the application process of reactive material structures (RMS) were briefly introduced. And the research works on RMS at home and abroad were briefly summarized. The research status of common preparation technology and structural design of RMS were emphatically reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of RMS preparation technologies were compared and analyzed. And the application range and prospect of each kind of preparation technology were pointed out by analyzing the characteristics, densification principle and strengthening mechanism of the preparation technology, combined with the reaction characteristics of RMS. Those would provide a reference for the choice of preparation technology of RMS. It is pointed out that the diversification of components, development of new materials system, research of strengthening mechanism, development of low temperature densification and controllable plastic deformation strengthening technology, development of large complex sample preparation technology, optimization of structure and combination mode are the main development tendencies of RMS and its preparation technology.
Key words: reactive structural materials; thermal reaction; preparation technology; thermite; intermetallic compound composite
