(中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 铝电解槽内电解质与内衬界面传热系数直接决定电解槽热平衡。基于多相流理论及壁函数方法，建立了铝电解槽电解质与内衬界面的换热系数计算数学模型，在商业数值计算软件上实现对传热推动力、传热系数分布的计算。研究结果表明：阳极气泡的作用处于主导地位，但电磁力的作用也不能被忽略，在进行换热系数计算时，需同时考虑二者的共同影响；在电解槽的大面及小面槽帮处，换热系数的分布主要受电解质流动的影响，而对于阳极底部则由于气泡层的阻碍使得此区域的传热系数较小；阳极开槽会增大电解质与阳极的换热系数，但会一定程度上减小电解质与槽帮的换热系数。
关键字: 铝电解槽；数值计算；换热系数
（School of Metallurgy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The heat transfer coefficient between the bath and lining determines the heat balance in aluminum reduction cell. Based on the multiphase theory, turbulence model and wall function method, a numerical simulation model of heat transfer coefficient between the bath and lining was built and calculated in comercial codes. The heat transfer driving force and the heat transfer distribution were calculated. The results show that the anode bubbles are the main driving force, while the influence of electromagnetic force can’t be ignored, both of them need to be considered in the calculation of heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient is determined by the bath flow in cell sides and ends, while it is small in the anode bottom because of the obsturction effect of the anode bubbles. Anode cutting will increase the heat transfer coefficient between bath and anode, however, reduce the heat transfer coefficient between bath and aideledge.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; numerical simulation; heat transfer coefficient
