(西北工业大学 凝固技术国家重点实验室，西安 710072)
摘 要: 回顾了激光快速成形技术的发展历程，评述近年来发展的几种具有代表性的激光快速成形技术主要包括激光熔覆成形技术、激光近形技术、激光立体成形技术以及选择性激光熔化技术的原理、技术特点及最新研究进展，介绍了这几种技术在金属及陶瓷等高性能材料中的应用，并指出激光快速成形技术是实现高致密度、高精度以及复杂结构金属以及陶瓷构件的最有力途径，最后展望了激光快速成形技术的发展趋势。
关键字: 激光快速成形；金属；陶瓷；复合材料；快速凝固
（State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China）
Abstract:The development history of laser rapid forming (LRF) was reviewed, and the theory, technical characteristics and recent development of several representative LRF techniques including the laser cladding forming, laser engineered net shaping, laser solid forming and laser selective melting techniques were summarized. On the basis, the applications of the above several techniques to high-performance metal and ceramic materials were introduced. The LRF technique is the most promising method to achieve advanced metals and ceramics with near-full density, high shaping precision and complex structure. Finally, the possible development trends of LRF in future were discussed.
Key words: laser rapid forming; metals; ceramics; composites; rapid solidification
