(31.西南铝加工，重庆631326；
2.西南交通大学，成都610031)
摘 要: 对高速列车用6063、6061、919(相当于7005)铝合金母材及与之相匹配的焊丝(4043、5183、5356铝合金丝)施以MIG焊接之后的焊区强度、硬度以及焊接接头的腐蚀倾向、残余应力水平和常见的焊接裂纹与气孔等缺陷进行了分析和研究。结果表明，由于产生了软化，焊缝及热影响区的强度和硬度均低于母材；从综合效果来看，以母材6061合金配4043焊丝为佳；从焊后强度和刚度看，中空型材的截面以斜筋截面为优；从焊接接头的可靠性看，以纵向MIG自动焊接对接为最好。
关键字: 车辆铝材 焊接特性 强度 硬度
ALLOYS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
（1.The Southwest Aluminium Works,Chongqing 631326
2.The Southwest Jiao Tong University,Chengdu 610031）
Abstract:After MIG welding was carried out on the aluminium alloys materials 6063, 6061 and 919 using matched aluminium solder wires 4043, 5183 and 5356 respectively, the strength and the hardness of the soldered joint, the corrosion tendency and the residual stress of the heat affected zone, and the weld cracks and other weld defects were analyzed and studied. The results showed that due to softening, the strength and the hardness of the weld seam and the heat affected zone were all lower. In light of the comprehensive effect, the 6061 aluminium alloy matched with 4043 aluminium solder wire is the best; in light of the strength and the hardness after welding, the hollow figured with diagonal-bar section is the best; in light of the reliability of the soldered joint, the longitudinal MIG automatic welding is the best for connecting.
Key words: aluminium materials for vehicles welding characteristics strength hardness
