(哈尔滨工业大学 材料科学与工程学院， 哈尔滨 150001)
摘 要: 回顾了镍钛合金自1963年发现形状记忆效应至今40年的发展历程、 应用领域和产业状况。镍钛合金具有优良的力学性能、 腐蚀抗力、 形状记忆效应、 超弹性、 阻尼特性和生物相容性等特点， 其应用范围涉及航空、 航天、 机械、 电子、 化工、 能源、建筑等工程领域、 民用和医学领域。 纵观全球记忆合金产业， 国外主要高利润经济增长点正逐步从工业产品和民用产品转变到超弹性介入医学产品， 从原材料→半成品→成品已经形成良好的产业链， 正进入蓬勃发展时期。 国内记忆合金产业刚刚兴起， 理论研究和应用基础研究的基础不错，应加强企业之间的合作， 避免恶性竞争， 共同推进镍钛合金高技术产业的健康发展。
关键字: 镍钛合金； 形状记忆效应； 超弹性； 工程应用；医学应用
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China）
Abstract:The development, application and related industry state of the nickel-titanium alloys in the past 40 years were reviewed. The nickel-titanium alloys have been extensively used in the fields of aerospace, machinery, electronics, chemistry, energy sources, architecture and daily life due to their excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance, shape memory effect, superelasticity, damping property and biocompatibility. Overviewing the global NiTi industry, the oversea market gets the major profits from the superelastic interventional products instead of the engineering and commodity products, and a good industry structure has been established for the primary materials, semi-products, final products manufacturing. The international market for NiTi products are promising. For the domestic shape memory alloys industry, the fundamental research works have been done very well, and a healthy development can be realized through making a close cooperation relations between enterprises and avoiding the malignant competition.
Key words: Ni-Ti alloys; shape memory effect; superelasticity; engineering application; medical application
