(中南大学冶金科学与工程学院， 长沙 410083)
摘 要: 经过特定驯化使好氧污泥成为硫酸盐还原菌优势生长的厌氧活性污泥， 并用改性活性污泥体系处理含铬废水， 研究了进水六价铬浓度、 硫酸根浓度、 化学需氧量(COD)浓度、 水力滞留时间和多种重金属共存等因素对体系处理含铬废水的影响。 结果表明： 当进水硫酸根浓度为1g/L、 铬(Ⅵ)浓度为20mg/L、 COD浓度为2g/L、 水力滞留时间为16h时， 改性体系能有效处理200mg/L的六价铬废水， 铬(Ⅵ)的去除率高达99.83％、 硫酸根去除率也达到86.2％， 出水中铬(Ⅵ)、 硫酸根和COD浓度均达到国家排放标准， 进水中浓度低于20mg/L的共存重金属离子不影响体系除铬(Ⅵ)达标排放， 且体系对共存重金属离子均有良好的去除效果； 这为含铬废水的处理提供了一种可行途径， 同时为厌氧法提供了一种新的污泥来源。
关键字: 含铬废水； 活性污泥； 硫酸盐还原菌； 改性
（ School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: An anaerobic activated sludge using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) as predominant bacteria was formed by modified culture of aerobic activated sludge, and the modified anaerobic activated sludge was also applied to treat chromium-containing wastewater. Factors affecting treatment of the wastewater by the sludge system were studied, including Cr(Ⅵ) concentration, sulfate concentration, chemical oxygen demanded (COD) concentration of input, hydraulic retention time and co-existence of other heavy metals. The results show that the removal rates of Cr(Ⅵ) and sulfate from the wastewater by the modified sludge are 99.83％ and 86.2％, respectively, and the indexes including Cr(Ⅵ) concentration, sulfate concentration, COD concentration of effluent all agree with the National Wastewater Discharge Standard of China, when the sulfate concentration, Cr(Ⅵ) concentration, COD concentration of input and hydraulic retention time are 1g/L, 200mg/L, 2g/L and 16h, respectively. Metals of co-existence, such as Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ hardly affected Cr(Ⅵ) removal to the discharge standard, are also removed efficiently by the sludge system. This provids a feasible method for the treatment of chromium-bearing wastewater, and a new sludge source for the anaerobic sludge method.
Key words: chromium-containing wastewater; activated sludge; sulfate-reducing bacteria; modification
