(华北理工大学 矿业工程学院，河北省矿业开发与安全技术重点实验室，唐山 063210)
摘 要: 钒是重要的战略金属，萃取法是当前溶液中钒分离富集的主要方法之一。本文从含钒溶液的特点及溶液中钒的存在形态出发，阐述了溶液中钒分离富集的难点所在，综述了含钒溶液萃取分离富集钒的研究进展，对萃取机理及工艺影响因素等进行了总结分析，展望了萃取法的发展趋势。有机磷类萃取剂、有机胺类萃取剂、长链醇萃取剂、羟肟类萃取剂等传统的有机溶剂萃取体系应用相对成熟，但有机溶剂萃取体系普遍存在易挥发、有毒有害、易燃易爆等问题；近年来，双水相、三液相、离子液体等新型绿色萃取体系受到越来越多的关注；乳状液膜、微乳液、支撑液膜、聚合物包容膜等液膜萃取在缩短萃取流程、降低生产成本、提高钒分离效率及钒产品质量等方面有较大发展空间。
关键字: 含钒溶液；钒形态；萃取；分离富集
（Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Mining Exploitation and Security Technology, College of Mining Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China）
Abstract:Vanadium is an important strategic metal, and solvent extraction is one of the main methods for vanadium separation and enrichment in solution. Starting from the characteristics of vanadium containing solution and the existing forms of vanadium in solution, this review expounded the difficulties of separation and enrichment of vanadium in solution and introduces the research progress on separation and enrichment of vanadium by extraction from vanadium-containing solution. The extraction mechanism and factors influencing technological process were summarized and analyzed, and the development trends of extraction were prospected. Traditional organic solvent extraction systems, such as organophosphorus extractants, organic amine extractants, long-chain alcohol extractants and hydroxamic oxime extractants, are relatively mature, but it is generally of toxic and harmful, volatile, flammable and explosive. Recent years, the new green extraction systems, including the aqueous two-phase, three liquid phase and ionic liquid, have attracted more attention. The liquid membrane extraction technology, such as emulsion liquid membrane, microemulsion, supporting liquid membrane and polymer inclusion film, has much scope for shortening the extraction process, reducing the production cost, and improving the efficiency of vanadium separation and the quality of vanadium products.
Key words: vanadium containing solution; vanadium species; extraction; separation and enrichment
