(1. 大连理工大学 辽宁省凝固控制与数字化制备技术重点实验室，大连 116024；
2. 大连理工大学 宁波研究院，宁波 315000)
摘 要: 利用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪、场发射电子探针、场发射扫描电镜、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜、布氏硬度计、多功能摩擦磨损试验机，研究Sn-15Cu-xNi合金的组织及油润滑磨损行为。结果表明：Sn-15Cu合金中的硬质颗粒为Cu3Sn+Cu6Sn5组成的板条状包晶组织，添加0.1%Ni可以细化Cu3Sn并使Cu6Sn5包覆层增厚，添加0.5%Ni可以完全抑制Cu3Sn的出现，并使Cu6Sn5明显细化且弥散分布，添加1%Ni后，Cu6Sn5的细化效果减弱。Sn-15Cu-xNi合金具有高载稳定性与减摩性。在200 N载荷作用下，硬质颗粒起承载作用，而软基体磨损后形成的微小坑洞成为贮油空间，维持了润滑油膜的稳定性。Ni含量为0.5%时，磨损表面的贮油坑洞最均匀细密，致使Sn-15Cu-0.5Ni合金具有最优的磨损性能。
关键字: 显微组织；摩擦磨损；轴瓦；锡基合金
（1. Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
2. Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China）
Abstract:The microstructure and tribological properties of Sn-15Cu-xNi alloy were studied by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, electron probe microscope analyzer, scanning electron microscope, confocal laser scanning microscope, Brinell hardness tester, and multi-specimen test machine. The results show that the particles in Sn-15Cu alloy are the peritectic structure composed of Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5. Adding 0.1% Ni can refine Cu3Sn and thicken the Cu6Sn5 coating layer. Adding 0.5% Ni can completely inhibit Cu3Sn and make Cu6Sn5 more refined. The refinement effect of Cu6Sn5 is reduced after adding 1% Ni. The Sn-15Cu-xNi alloy exhibits high-load stability and anti-friction properties. Under load of 200 N, the hard particles play bearing role, and the tiny pits formed after the soft substrate wear out become the oil storage space, maintaining the stability of the lubricating oil film. When the Ni content is 0.5%, the oil storage pitting on the worn surface are the most uniform, so the Sn-15Cu-0.5Ni alloy has the best wear performance.
Key words: microstructure; friction and wear; bearing shell; tin-based alloy
