(山东大学 能源与动力工程学院，燃煤污染物减排国家工程实验室，环境热工技术教育部工程研究中心，山东省能源碳减排技术与资源化利用重点实验室，山东省固废绿色材料工程实验室，济南 250061)
摘 要: 铝灰是铝电解、加工和再生过程中排放的有害固体废弃物。我国铝灰年排放量超过300万t，其中90%的铝灰采用填埋处理，引发了极大的环境问题。在我国绿色低碳循环发展的迫切需求下，推动铝灰资源化和无害化利用已迫在眉睫。目前，一次铝灰资源化技术多采用火法冶金工艺，二次铝灰资源化技术多采用火法工艺和湿法工艺；铝灰无害化技术多采用水解、焙烧等工艺。但是，目前铝灰处置技术普遍存在水平低、能耗高、效益差、二次污染等问题，严重制约铝灰的规模化利用，亟需创新发展新工艺，提升铝灰的资源属性。本文介绍了铝灰的分类及特性，综述了一次铝灰、二次铝灰的资源化技术，总结了主要毒害物质的脱除技术，展望了未来铝灰处理的发展方向。
关键字: 铝灰；回收利用；冶金；建筑材料；无害化技术
（School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Solid Waste Green Materials, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China）
Abstract:Aluminum dross is a harmful solid waste discharged from the process of aluminum electrolysis, processing and regeneration. The annual emission of aluminum dross in China is more than 3 million tons, 90% of which is treated by landfill, causing serious environmental problems. Under the urgent need of green and low-carbon cycle development in China, it is urgent to promote the resourceful and harmless utilization of aluminum dross. At present, the primary aluminum dross recycling technology mostly adopts pyrometallurgical routes, and the secondary aluminum dross recycling technology mostly adopts pyrometallurgical routes and hydrometallurgical routes. The harmless utilization technology of aluminum dross mostly adopts hydrolysis, roasting and other processes. However, there are many problems in the recycling processes of aluminum dross, such as low utilization level, energy intensive, low profit, secondary pollution and so on, which seriously restrict the large-scale disposal of aluminum dross. It is urgent to innovate and develop new processes to improve the resource properties of aluminum dross. This paper introduces the classification and characteristics of aluminum dross, summarizes the recycling technologies of primary and secondary aluminum dross, reviews the removal technology of main toxic substances and proposes the future development directions for aluminum dross.
Key words: aluminum dross; recycling; metallurgy; building materials; harmless technology
