(中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 碳纤维制备技术国家工程实验室，宁波 315201)
摘 要: 采用电化学镀镍方法对PAN基高模量碳纤维表面进行处理，使用SEM、SPM、XPS研究了处理前后纤维表面结构演变规律，并分析了镀镍处理对纤维力学性能的影响。结果显示，镀镍处理前进行HNO3处理可使纤维表面初始沟槽结构变得均匀，并有助于纤维表面镀镍；与HNO3处理纤维相比，经过3 min、6 min电化学镀镍处理后，碳纤维直径分别提高了5.4%、26.2%，且处理后纤维表面出现明显金属镍颗粒；通过对镀镍纤维表面化学结构分析，表面镍元素主要以Ni(OH)2、NiO和金属Ni颗粒形式存在；随着镍层厚度增加，纤维表面缺陷得以改善，因而镀镍高模量碳纤维的力学性能相比HNO3处理的样品出现一定幅度的提升。
关键字: 高模量碳纤维；电化学镀镍；直径；化学结构
（National Engineering Laboratory for Carbon Fiber Preparation, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China）
Abstract:Electrochemical nickel plating was conducted on the surfaces of PAN-based high modulus carbon fibers. The evolutions of physical and chemical structures of the fiber surface before and after treatment were studied by SEM, SPM and XPS. The effects of nickel plating process on the mechanical properties of the fiber were also analyzed. The results show that the HNO3 treatment prior to nickel plating can make the initial groove structure of fiber surface more uniform, which is beneficial to the nickel plating on the fiber surface. Compared with HNO3 treated fibers, the diameters of Ni-plated carbon fibers increases by 5.4% and 26.2%, respectively. After electrochemical plating treatments of 3 min and 6 min, there are nickel particles obviously shown up on the fiber surfaces. The nickel element on the fiber surface mainly exists in the form of Ni(OH)2, NiO and Ni particles. With the increase of nickel layer thickness, the defects of the fiber surface are improved, and the mechanical properties of nickel-plated fibers reveal a certain extent increases compared with those of HNO3 treated samples.
Key words: high modulus carbon fibers; nickel electroplating; diameter; chemical structure
