(江苏科技大学 海洋装备研究院，镇江 212003)
摘 要: 铝合金具备质轻、比强度高、抗蚀性优良等特性，已广泛应用于航空航天、船舶海工、汽车工业等高端精密制造领域。基于激光选区熔化技术成形的铝合金零件满足复杂定制结构件轻量化和功能一体化的制造需求，在船舶海工领域具有潜在的发展空间和优势。本文概述了激光选区熔化技术成形铝合金的关键技术难点，包括快速凝固过程中缺陷的形成机理及工艺控制途径，重点介绍了国内外采用激光选区熔化技术成形Al-Mg-Sc-Zr高强铝合金的研究现状及重要进展，讨论了未来研究中的难点问题和发展趋势，为其在船舶海工领域的工程应用和机理探索提供思路。
关键字: 高强铝合金；激光选区熔化；缺陷；Al3(Sc,Zr)析出相；热处理；腐蚀性能
（Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China）
Abstract:The aluminum alloys have the characteristics of light weight, high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, which have been widely applied in aerospace, marine engineering, automotive industry and other advanced and precise manufacturing fields. The aluminum alloy parts formed based on the selective laser melting technology can meet the manufacturing requirements of complex customized structures for lightweight and functional integration, displaying potential development space and advantages in the field of ship and marine engineering. The key technical difficulties of selective laser melted high strength aluminum alloy were summarized, including the formation mechanism of defects during rapid solidification and process control methods. The research status and important progress of selective laser melted Al-Mg-Sc-Zr high strength aluminum alloy at home and abroad were mainly introduced. The difficult problems and future development trends were discussed. These provide ideas for the engineering application and mechanism exploration in the field of ship and marine engineering.
Key words: high strength aluminum alloy; selective laser melting; defects; Al3(Sc,Zr) precipitated phase; heat treatment; corrosion property
