(1. 南华大学 铀矿冶生物技术国防重点学科实验室，衡阳 421001；
2. 中广核铀业发展有限公司，北京 100029)
摘 要: 铀矿堆浸过程中铀的浸出是溶浸液在多孔介质中对流、弥散以及反应耦合作用的结果。首先采用理论分析和数学建模的方法建立了铀矿堆浸对流-弥散-反应耦合动力学模型，然后采用有限元法对该动力学模型进行解算，最后采用铀矿柱浸试验对解算结果进行了验证。结果表明：所建立的铀矿堆浸对流-弥散-反应耦合动力学模型能反映浸出柱中主要特征变量的变化，同时可以表征浸出柱不同深度处溶浸液和铀的浓度、各粒级铀矿石的浸出率、各粒级铀矿石缩核随时间的分布，因而能准确预测浸出柱铀矿石的浸出率。因此，该对流-弥散-反应耦合动力学模型可用于铀矿堆浸铀浸出率的预测及工艺参数的调控。
关键字: 铀矿堆浸；对流；弥散；反应；耦合动力学模型；柱浸
（1. Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
2. China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN)Uranium Resources Co., Ltd., Beijing 100029, China）
Abstract:The leaching of uranium in the process of uranium ore heap leaching is the result of the coupling of convection, diffusion and chemical reaction of leaching solution in porous media. In this paper, the convection, dispersion and reaction coupling dynamic model for uranium heap leaching was firstly established by theoretical analysis and mathematical modeling, the dynamic model was then solved by finite element method, and the solution results were finally verified by uranium heap leaching test. The results show that the established convection-diffusion-reaction coupling kinetic model for uranium ore heap leaching can reflect the changes of the main characteristic variables in the column leaching, characterize the concentrations of leaching solution and metal uranium at different depths of the leach column, the leaching rate of each fraction of uranium ore particle size, and the distribution of shrinkage nucleation for each fraction of uranium ore particle size at different time, and it can accurately predict the leaching rate of uranium in the ore column. It is concluded that the convection-diffusion-reaction coupling kinetic model for uranium ore heap leaching can be used to predict the leaching rate of uranium and regulate the process parameters for heap leaching.
Key words: uranium ore heap leaching; convection: diffusion; reaction; coupling dynamic model; column leaching
