(1. 中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室，长沙 410083；
2. 中国航空发动机集团南方工业有限公司，株洲 410002；
3. 烟台大学精准材料高等研究院，烟台 264005)
摘 要: 为适应航空发动机越来越高的燃气工作温度，镍基单晶高温合金的成分在近半个世纪的发展中持续优化，以不断提高合金的综合高温性能。铼(Re)元素的加入发挥了关键的高温强化作用，然而Re的高度稀散和高昂价格急剧增加了合金的应用风险和制造成本，不利于合金的应用发展。本文以镍基单晶高温合金微观组织设计为基础，首先总结了国内外历代单晶高温合金的成分发展趋势和设计理念，随后聚焦近年来合金发展对降低Re含量的设计需求，总结了目前新型低Re合金的发展现状，最后综述了单晶高温合金成分设计方法的发展，旨在为合金的成分设计提供参考。
关键字: 镍基单晶高温合金；微观组织；成分设计；铼
（1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South
University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. South Industry Co., Ltd., Aero Engine
Corporation of China, Zhuzhou 410002, China;
3. Institute for Advanced Studies in Precision
Materials, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China）
Abstract:In the past 50 years, the alloy compositions of nickel-based single crystal superalloys have constantly been optimized to achieve desirable comprehensive properties for the higher operating temperature of aero-engines. The addition of rhenium (Re) plays a pivotal role in promoting high-temperature strength. However, the low abundance and high price of Re dramatically increase the application risk and manufacture cost, which are undesirable to the development of nickel-based single crystal superalloys. Based on the microstructure design of single crystal superalloys, we reviewed the composition evolution and design concepts of different generations of superalloys, and then focused on the design requirement of lowering Re addition in recent years, with the lately-designed low-Re superalloys enumerated in detail. Lastly, we also reviewed the past, current and future of alloy design methods of single crystal superalloys, with the aim to provide a perspective in future work.
Key words: nickel-based single crystal superalloys; microstructure; alloy design; Re
