(1. 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司，长沙410019；
2. 深井矿山安全高效开采技术湖南省工程研究中心，长沙410019；
3. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院，长沙410083)
摘 要: 瓦厂坪铝土矿是国内首个采用综合机械化开采工艺的有色金属地下矿山。采用三维弹塑性有限元数值模型对综采工作面回采过程进行了计算模拟，揭示了工作面顶、底板围岩的变形特征和采动应力的空间分布特征与演化规律。结果表明：1)工作面矿层采出后，采空区顶板发生沉降变形，底板发生鼓起变形；变形量在工作面中部最大，往两端逐渐减小；工作面长度越长，顶、底板变形越大。2)采动应力在工作面两端和前后方产生应力集中，形成高支承压力区；采空区顶板大范围应力降低，最小主应力为近竖直向拉应力。3)工作面前方应力集中区随工作面推进向前转移，采动应力峰值随之逐渐增大；采空区顶板采动应力在工作面推进过程中保持相对稳定。研究结果对合理确定工作面长度、工作面顶板精准支护、应力集中区稳定性控制和采空区顶板安全管理等工作具有重要指导作用。
关键字: 瓦厂坪铝土矿；综合机械化开采；回采工作面；围岩变形；采动应力
（1. CINF Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410019, China;
2. Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Safe and Efficient Mining Technology of Deep Mines, Changsha 410019, China;
3. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Wachangping bauxite mine is the first underground non-ferrous metal mine in China that adopts the fully mechanized mining technology. A3D elastoplastic finite element model was used to simulate the stoping process of the fully mechanized mining face, and the deformation of the roof and floor of mining face as well as the spatial distribution and evolution of the mining-induced stress were revealed. The results show that: (1) When the mining face is mined, the roof of mined-out area is subsided and the floor is heaved; the deformation is the largest in the middle of mining face and gradually decreases towards both ends; the longer the length of mining face, the greater the deformation of the roof and floor. (2) The mining-induced stress produces stress concentration at both ends and the front and rear of mining face, forming high supporting pressure areas; at a large range of the roof of mined-out area, the mining-induced stress is reduced and the minimum principal stress is tensile stress nearly vertical. (3) The stress concentration area in front of mining face shifts forward with the advancing of mining face, and the peak value of mining-induced stress gradually increases accordingly; the mining-induced stress of the roof of mined-out area remains relatively stable in the advancing process of mining face. The research results have important guiding roles in the reasonable determination of the length of mining face, the precise support of the mining face roof, the stability control of the stress concentration area, and the safety management of the roof of mined-out area.
Key words: Wachangping bauxite mine; fully mechanized mining; mining face; surrounding rock deformation; Mining-induced stress
