(1. 武汉工程大学 化工与制药学院，武汉 430205；
2. 绿色化工过程教育部重点实验室，武汉 430074；
3. 武汉工程大学 兴发矿业学院，武汉 430074)
摘 要: 为揭示风化壳淋积型稀土矿浸矿过程中稀土阳离子(RE3+)及杂质铝离子(Al3+)的迁移分布规律，本文分别用硫酸铵、硫酸铵与甲酸铵混合浸取剂对风化壳淋积型稀土矿进行模拟浸取实验，测定并计算不同浸取阶段、不同矿层中各种状态下的RE3+和Al3+含量变化。结果表明：矿土和孔隙中的RE3+和Al3+含量随着浸取的进行而减少，迁移状态的RE3+和Al3+含量随浸取程度加深而增大，浸取剂对RE3+的浸出效果优于对Al3+的浸出效果。矿土中的RE3+和Al3+在浸润开始时的第四层矿体中含量最多，孔隙中RE3+含量在第四层矿体中100%浸润时最多，迁移状态的RE3+和Al3+含量随着浸取程度以及矿层深度的加深而增大，其峰值集中在最后阶段的第四层矿体中。浸润阶段发生反吸附，但对后续浸出过程没有明显影响。硫酸铵与甲酸铵混合浸取剂对Al3+的浸出有良好的抑制效果。
关键字: 风化壳淋积型稀土矿；浸取程度；稀土离子；铝离子；时空分布规律；矿层深度
（1. School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
2. Key of Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China;
3. Wuhan Institute of Technology, Xingfa School of Mining Engineering, Wuhan 430074, China）
Abstract:To reveal the exchange and distribution law of rare earth ions (RE3+) and impurity aluminium ions (Al3+) during the leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores, the ammonium sulfate and the mixed leaching agent of ammonium sulfate and ammonium formate were applied in this study to measure and calculate the changes of cation contents in different leaching stages and different ore layers in various states. The results show that the proportions of RE3+ and Al3+ contents in the ore and the pores decrease with the leaching progress, and the proportions of RE3+ and Al3+ contents in the migration state increase with the degree of leaching. The leaching effect of leaching agent on rare earth ions is better than that on aluminum ions. The proportions of RE3+ and Al3+ contents in the ore present the most in the fourth ore layer at the beginning of infiltration, and the proportion of RE3+ content in the pore is the most when the fourth ore layer is 100% infiltrated. The proportions of RE3+and Al3+ contents in the migration state increases with the leaching stage and the ore depth as it deepens, and its peak is occurred in the fourth ore layer in the final leaching stage. The anti-adsorption phenomenon occurs in the infiltration stage and has no obvious influence on the subsequent leaching process. The mixed leaching agent of ammonium sulfate and ammonium formate shows a good inhibitory effect on Al3+ leaching.
Key words: weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores; leaching degree; rare earth ions; aluminum ions; spatial and temporal distribution; ore depth
