(1. 中南大学 材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410000；
2. 中南大学 电子封装与先进功能材料湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410083；
3. 中南大学 轻质高强结构材料重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 铝合金及其复合材料具有比强度高、高比刚度和耐腐蚀性能优异等特点，是一类重要的轻质材料。采用激光选区熔化技术制备结构-功能一体化铝合金及其复合材料的精密复杂构件，在航空航天、交通运输、电子器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先阐述激光选区熔化技术的基本原理、主要工艺参数及其影响规律；分析激光选区熔化铝合金及其复合材料的微观组织、宏观性能和后处理方法等，并概述其主要应用情况；最后，阐述激光选区熔化铝合金及其复合材料面临的主要问题并对其发展方向进行简单展望。
关键字: 激光选区熔化；铝合金；铝基复合材料；致密度；力学性能
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials, Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Aluminum alloys and composites have the characteristics of low density, high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance. The selective laser melting technology was applied to the structure-function integrated aluminum alloys and composites with precise and complex structure, which have broad application prospects in aerospace, transportation, electronic devices and so on. This article mainly introduced the research, development and application of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys and composites at home and abroad. Firstly, it explained the basic principles of selective laser melting technology. Secondly, it introduced the main process parameters of selective laser melting, the microstructure of aluminum alloys and composites, performances and post-processing technology, and the key applications of selective laser melting of aluminum alloys and composites. Finally, it described and prospected the main problems faced by selective laser melting of aluminum alloys and composites.
Key words: selective laser melting; aluminum alloy; aluminum matrix composite; relative density; mechanical property
