(1. 中南大学 地球科学与信息物理学院，长沙 410083；
2. 中南大学 有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 花岗伟晶岩型锂矿作为锂矿的重要来源，全球分布十分广泛，引起了世界各国的勘查兴趣。本文通过对国内外的重要的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿矿床地质特征和研究进展进行总结归纳，获得以下认识：1) 花岗伟晶岩型锂矿分布广泛且资源量大，是锂资源的主要开发对象；2) 不管是稳定的地台，还是活跃的造山带，都可能是花岗伟晶岩型锂矿的成矿构造环境；3) 矿床从太古宙到新生代都有发育，但中国的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿成矿主要集中在燕山期；4) 锂成矿具有循环性的特征，花岗伟晶岩中的锂也可由沉积岩提供；一般以中高压、中温成矿流体为主，并具有低盐度的特征。此外，锂同位素近年来已成为一个锂成矿过程的良好示踪工具，岩体锂同位素组成可以反映花岗岩和伟晶岩在形成时的源区性质。国内外学者对伟晶岩型锂矿的锂同位素分馏机制开展了一系列研究，普遍认为花岗伟晶岩型锂矿与花岗岩岩浆结晶分异作用、地壳部分熔融密切相关。且锂同位素的特征可指示锂矿母岩成因类型，对于找矿方向的厘定有一定的指示意义，显示出重要的研究与应用前景。不同地区的花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床在矿体形态、遥感、地球化学、地球物理等特征方面表现出较大差异性，找矿过程中应寻找最有效的勘查技术手段，因地制宜，拓展找矿思路。
关键字: 花岗伟晶岩；锂辉石；成矿时代；锂同位素；找矿方向
（1. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits are distributed extensively around the world, and as a significant source of lithium resources, they have aroused the exploration interest of all countries all over the world. This paper summarized metallogenic characteristics and the trends of the major granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits at home and abroad, and the main findings were as follows: 1) Global granitic pegmatite-type lithium resources are abundant and widely distributed, which can be used as a very potential mining target; 2) The metallogenic tectonic environment can be stable platform or active orogenic belt; 3) The metallogenic epoch can be old to the Archean or new to the Cenozoic, but in China the major ore-forming stage is in the Yanshanian period; 4) The mineralization of lithium cyclical, and lithium in granitic pegmatites may inherited from sedimentary rocks. Most of the ore-forming fluids formed under the conditions of medium-high pressure, medium temperature and low salinity. In addition, lithium isotopes have become a good tracer to study various complex metallogenic processes, and can provide evidence for the magmatic source of granites and pegmatites. A series of studies have been carried out on the lithium isotopes fractionation mechanism of granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits. It’s proposed that the main genesis of the granitic pegmatite-type lithium deposits may be the crystallization of granite or the partial melting of the crust. The characteristics of Li isotopes can be used to distinguish the genetic types of the parent rock of the mineralization, which has an indicating significance for the prospecting direction and shows a critical prospect. The granite pegmatite type lithium deposits in different areas show great differences in ore body morphology, remote sensing, geochemistry and geophysics characteristics, so it’s urgent for us to seek for the most effective prospecting technology based on the conditions, and expand the prospecting methods.
Key words: lithium resource; metallogenic epoch; spodumene; Li isotopes; prospecting direction
