(1. 中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院，长沙 410083；
2. 清华大学 核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084)
摘 要: 随着电动汽车等新能源产业的发展，锂离子电池需求量不断增大，而大量锂离子电池的使用，必将引发报废潮。一方面，废旧锂离子电池易燃易爆，含有氟化物等毒害组分，必须进行无害化处理；另一方面，废旧锂离子电池具有资源属性，含有丰富的镍、钴、锰、锂等有价金属组分。因此，废旧锂离子电池的回收不仅可以保护环境，而且能缓解我国战略金属资源紧张局面，促进新能源产业健康可持续发展，已成为目前全球研究的一个热点方向。本文系统梳理了废旧锂离子电池材料回收的最新研究进展，重点介绍了火法和湿法回收方法，详细分析了湿法冶金过程中的破碎、浸出、分离和再生技术，并对未来的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望，旨在为废旧锂离子电池有价金属组分的高效回收利用提供参考。
关键字: 废旧锂离子电池；有价组分；回收；循环利用
（1. School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Institute of Nuclear & New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China）
Abstract:With the development of new energy industries, the demand for lithium-ion battery (LIB) continues to increase. The massive use of LIBs will inevitably generate a large amount of spent LIBs. On one hand, spent LIBs contain toxic components such as fluoride and must be treated in a harmless manner. On the other hand, spent LIBs contain many valuable metal components, such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lithium, which have resource properties. Therefore, the recycling of spent LIBs can not only protect the environment, but also alleviate the shortage of metal resources, and promote the sustainable development of the new energy industry. Currently, recycling spent LIBs has become a hot topic all over the world. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress in the recovery of spent LIBs, with emphasis on pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical process, especially the detailed analysis of the technologies of crushing, leaching, separation and regeneration, in the hydrometallurgical process, and prospects the development trend and research focus, in order to provide reference for the efficient recovery and utilization of valuable metal components of spent LIBs.
Key words: spent lithium-ion battery; valuable component; recovery; recycling
