(东北大学 冶金学院，沈阳 110819)
摘 要: 黄铜矿是自然界分布最广的含铜矿物。采用湿法处理黄铜矿经济环保，较低的浸出速率限制了其应用。机械活化预处理是促进黄铜矿浸出的重要手段，该工艺在国内外受到广泛关注。本文对机械活化的原理、机械活化对黄铜矿物理化学性质和浸出的影响以及机械活化在黄铜矿生产中的应用进行了系统综述。通过机械活化可以降低黄铜矿粒度、增大比表面积、降低晶格尺寸、提高微应变和非晶化程度等，进而提高反应活性、降低反应温度、大幅度提高浸出率和浸出速度。对于黄铜矿的机械活化湿法提取技术、降低能耗和规模化应用依然是有待改进的关键。
关键字: 机械活化；黄铜矿；微观结构；比表面积；浸出
（School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China）
Abstract:Chalcopyrite is the most abundant copper resources, the hydrometallurgical processing of chalcopyrite represents an ecologically and environmentally friendly attractive technology. However, the slow Cu leaching rate during chalcopyrite dissolution process limits its wide application. The mechanical activation is an important pretreatment method of chalcopyrite and has been concerned worldwide due to its cleanliness and efficiency. In the present paper, the principles of mechanical activation, the change of properties of chalcopyrite by mechanical activation, the influence of mechanical activation on chalcopyrite leaching, and the application in the production of chalcopyrite were systematically reviewed. The mechanical activation can improve the activity of chalcopyrite by the decrease in particle size distribution, the increase in specific surface area, the decrease in grain size, and the increase of microstrain and amorphization degree. Thus, lower reaction temperature, higher reaction rate, shorter reaction time, and other benefits can be achieved in the leaching of activated chalcopyrite. For the recovery of copper from chalcopyrite using hydrometallurgical processes, based on mechanical activation, the energy consumption and scale are the key problems to be solved in the future.
Key words: mechanical activation; chalcopyrite; microstructure; surface area; leaching
