(1. 中南大学 材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410083；
2. 中南大学 电子封装与先进功能材料湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 能源和环境安全是人类21世纪面临的最大难题之一，由于可再生能源大多受地域限制，且具有间歇性，寻找合适的储能系统显得至关重要。二次电池作为最主要的储能系统，电极材料在改善电池性能方面起着至关重要的作用。尽管二次电池的选择多种多样，电极材料的种类数不胜数，但二次电池系统在发展过程中面对的问题总是相似的，如易坍塌的电极材料结构、不稳定的界面等。本文综述了二次电池的发展历史，从电池热力学和动力学基础角度构建结构-性能关系，总结了电极材料的设计原则和目前常用的优化策略，最后针对调控手段的优势以及相应存在的技术障碍进行了讨论，希望为未来的电池研究开辟新途径、带来新机遇。
关键字: 二次电池；电极材料；能量储存机制；电化学；结构设计
（1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The issue of energy and environmental security is one of the biggest challenges facing mankind in the 21st century. Since renewable energy is mostly geographically limited and intermittent, it is of great importance to find suitable energy storage systems. The electrode materials play an important role in improving the performance of secondary battery. Although there are many choices of secondary batteries and numerous kinds of electrode materials, the problems faced by secondary battery systems in the development process are always similar, such as collapse of electrode material structure, unstable interface, etc. This review summarized the development history of secondary batteries. The relationship between structure and performance from basis of thermodynamics and kinetics, the design principle of electrode materials and the optimization strategies were also summarized. Finally, aiming at the existence of advantage of optimization strategies and the technical barriers were discussed, which was hoped to open a new avenue for future secondary batteries.
Key words: secondary batteries; electrode materials; energy storage mechanism; electrochemistry; structural design
