(矿冶科技集团有限公司冶金所,北京 100160)
摘 要: 深海大洋蕴藏丰富的关键金属矿产,国际上近年来围绕深海矿产资源勘探开发研究活动十分活跃,商业开发进程在加快。选冶加工是开发利用深海矿产资源的重要环节,需要低碳、清洁、经济、高效的选冶技术。回顾了世界上主要国家对深海矿产资源选冶研究历程及现状,总结了中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会成立30年来,我国在多金属结核、富钴结壳、多金属硫化物、海底稀土等深海资源的选冶与综合利用技术发展,对常压硫酸浸出、高温高压硫酸浸出、还原焙烧-氨浸、自催化还原氨浸、熔炼-浸出等代表性工艺进行了分析,总结了各工艺所取得的技术突破、主要特点、需要进一步解决的问题;分析了深海矿产资源选冶研究发展趋势和重点。
关键字: 深海矿产资源;多金属结核;富钴结壳;多金属硫化物;选冶技术
(BGRIMM Technology Group, Beijing 100160, China)
Abstract:The deep sea is rich in key metal minerals. In recent years, the exploration and research activities centered on the deep-sea mineral resources are very active, and the commercial development process is accelerating. Processing is an important link in the exploitation and utilization of deep sea mineral resources. Low-carbon, clean, economical and efficient metallurgy technology needs to be developed. This paper reviews the research process and current status of international deep-sea polymetallic ore dressing and metallurgical technology, and summarizes the development of China’s deep-sea mineral resources mineral processing, metallurgy and comprehensive utilization technology since the establishment of COMRA, which resources are polymetallic nodule, cobalt-rich crusts, polymetallic sulfide, and submarine rare earths, etc. This paper analyzes representative processes, such as atmospheric pressure sulfuric acid leaching, high temperature and high pressure sulfuric acid leaching, reduction roasting-ammonia leaching, auto-catalytic reduction ammonia leaching, smelting-leaching, etc. And this paper also analyzes the technological breakthroughs, main features, and problems that need to be further solved in each process, and the development trend and focus of deep-sea polymetallic mineral processing and metallurgy research.
Key words: deep-sea mineral resource; polymetallic nodule; cobalt-rich crusts; polymetallic sulfide; beneficiation- metallurgical technology