(1. 佛山科学技术学院 机电工程与自动化学院，佛山 528000；
2. 中南大学 深圳研究院，深圳 518000；
3. 深海矿产资源开发利用技术国家重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 深海多金属结核富含镍、钴、铜等新能源技术发展所需的金属，将其从数千米深海底开采出来需要依靠独特和高效可靠的开采技术和装备。本文全面总结了国内外深海多金属结核开采技术及装备的研究历程和发展现状。首先梳理了20世纪西方财团进行的深海多金属结核采矿海试系统，并分析了水力管道提升式采矿系统原型的技术和经济可行性；接着全面回顾了中、韩、印等深海先驱投资者对深海多金属结核采集及水下输送等关键技术的攻关；然后分析了深海多金属结核开采技术所面临的商业化和高环保要求的形势以及近期在这方面的发展动态及研究进展；并且系统地总结了中国深海多金属结核开采技术研究的发展历程。最后在此基础上，展望了深海多金属结核开采技术研究发展面临的机遇，以及在商业开采要求下，深海多金属结核开采系统可能的技术方案及其高可靠、高环保、高智能的发展趋势，为我国深海多金属结核得高效开采技术和装备的研究开发提供了参考价值和指导作用。
关键字: 深海采矿；多金属结核；集矿技术；水力输送；采矿海试
（1. School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
2. Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University, Shenzhen 518000, China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Researches Development and Utilization Technology, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:Deep-sea polymetallic nodules are rich in the metals needed for the development of new energy technologies such as nickel, cobalt and copper. Extracting them from the seabed of several thousand meters requires unique and reliable mining technology and equipment. The research history and development status of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining technology and equipment at home and abroad were comprehensively summarized in this article. First of all, the deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining sea trial system conducted by the Western consortium in the last century was sorted out, and the technical and economic feasibility of the prototype hydraulic pipeline-lift mining system was analyzed. Next, the research of key deep-sea polymetallic nodules collection and underwater transportation by deep-sea pioneer investors such as China, Republic of Korea and India were reviewed. Then, the situation of commercialization and high environmental protection requirements faced by deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining technology, and the recent development and research progress in this area were analyzed. Finally, on this basis, the opportunities faced by the research and development of deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining technology, and under the requirements of commercial mining, the possible technical solutions of the deep-sea polymetallic nodules mining system were prospected. The research provides reference value and guidance for the research and development of high-efficiency mining technology and equipment for deep-sea polymetallic nodules.
Key words: deep-sea mining; polymetallic nodules; mining technology; hydraulic transportation; mining test
