(1. 中国地质调查局 广州海洋地质调查局 自然资源部海底矿产资源重点实验室，广州 510075；
2. 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)，广州 511458；
3. 自然资源部第一海洋研究所，青岛2066061；
4. 中国地质大学 海洋学院，北京100083；
5. 中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会，北京 100860；
6. 自然资源部第二海洋研究所，杭州 310012)
摘 要: 利用我国富钴结壳勘探合同区多年航次调查资料和大量样品测试分析结果，对合同区结壳矿床地质进行了系统研究。结果表明：板状结壳是合同区主要结壳类型，主要连片发育在海山平顶边缘及海山斜坡基岩之上；砾状结壳和钴结核零星分布于海山山顶、斜坡平缓处、斜坡坡脚等平坦地形处。合同区结壳主要由水羟锰矿与铁相矿物(FeOOH)组成，还可见微量自然金、自然银、自然铜、自然锡等单质矿物及铜锡合金矿物；结壳中Co平均含量为0.40%，ΣREE平均含量为2158 μg/g。成因类型属水成型大洋铁锰沉积矿床，主要生长期包括79~66 Ma、54 Ma、41 Ma、35~28 Ma、18~10 Ma和6~0 Ma，平均生长速率为3.69 mm/Ma。结壳成矿经历了铁锰矿物相形成、微量元素富集和后期改造三个主要过程；结壳中有用元素的富集与铁锰矿物表面能有关，磷酸盐化事件促进了钇的富集。
关键字: 富钴结壳；矿床地质；中国合同区；西太平洋
（1. Key Laboratory of Marine Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China;
2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China;
3. First Oceanography Institute of Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 2066061, China;
4. School of Ocean Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 10083, China;
5. China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association(COMRA), Beijing 100860, China;
6. Second Oceanography Institute of Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China）
Abstract:Using the data of cruises in many years and the analysis results of cobalt-rich crusts, the mineral deposit characteristics of Fe-Mn crusts in the COMRA contract area were studied. The results show that, the plate crust is the main type in the contract area, which is usually continuously distributed on the flat top edge of the seamount and the substrate rocks of the seamount slope. Gravel-like crusts and nodules are often discontinuously distributed on flat terrain such as the top of seamounts, the gentle area of slopes and the foot of slopes. The cobalt-rich crusts are mainly composed of vernadite and iron hydroxide(FeOOH), trace natural gold, silver, copper, tin and copper-tin minerals are also found. The average content of Co in crusts is 0.40%, the average content of ΣREE in crusts is 2158 μg/g. The genetic type of crusts in the contract area belongs to hydrogenetic ferromanganese deposits, the main growth periods include 79-66 Ma, 54 Ma, 41 Ma, 35-28 Ma, 18-10 Ma and 6-0 Ma, the average growth rate is 3.69 mm/Ma. The formation of crusts undertook the following three main stages: ferromanganese mineral phase formation, trace element enrichment and later transformation. Enrichment of the valuable elements may be caused by the surface energy of ferromanganese minerals. Phosphatization events promoted the yttrium enrichment.
Key words: cobalt-rich Fe-Mn crusts; mineral deposit characteristics; COMRA contract area; Western Pacific Ocean
