(1. 中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院，长沙 410083；
2. 中南大学 战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410083；
3. 湖南郴州金贵有色金属(集团)有限公司，郴州 4230383)
摘 要: 随着社会的发展，我国对矿产资源的需求日益增加，矿山废石的大量堆积不仅造成矿产资源的严重浪费，而且占据大量土地，还会带来严重的安全问题和环境污染。针对我国矿山废石堆存量大、增长快、废石种类及成分复杂、废石资源化综合利用率低等特点，本文总结了矿山废石的危害和现行的处理及利用方式，详述矿山废石用于回收有价金属及进一步的废石回填、覆土造田、制造建筑材料等主要处理方式的特点、发展及应用情况，并归纳展望矿山废石未来可能研究发展的重点方向，提出矿山废石资源化利用的可行性建议。指出矿山废石的资源化综合利用的跨区域集聚处理、多领域多产业协同处理和分类分段处理是日后研究的关键。确定矿山废石堆存量以及成分、粒度、有价金属的含量是矿山废石综合利用的重要前提。制定合理方案对矿山废石进行分类分段处理是提高矿山废石综合利用率的重要步骤。
关键字: 矿山废石；环境污染；资源化；综合利用
（1. School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Hunan Key Laboratory for clean and efficient utilization of strategic calcium bearing mineral resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Jin Gui Non-ferrous Metal (Group) Co., Ltd., Chenzhou 423038, China）
Abstract:With the development of society, China’s demand for mineral resources is increasing. The accumulation of large amounts of waste rock in mines not only causes a serious waste of mineral resources, but also occupies a large amount of land, and it also brings serious safety problems and environmental pollution. In view of the characteristics of large mine waste rock piles, rapid growth, complicated waste rock types and compositions, and low comprehensive utilization rate of waste rock resources in china, this paper summarizes the hazards and the current treatment and utilization methods of waste rock, describe the characteristics, development and application of the main treatment methods of mine waste rock for recycling valuable metals and further waste rock backfilling, covering soil and making fields, manufacturing building materials, and summarize the key directions of possible research and development of mine waste rock and put forward the mine Feasibility suggestions for the utilization of waste rock resources. It is pointed out that the cross-regional agglomeration processing, multi-field multi-industry collaborative processing and classification and segmentation processing of the comprehensive utilization of waste rock resources in the mine are the key points for future research. It is an important prerequisite for comprehensive utilization of mine waste rock to determine the mine waste rock stock, composition, particle size, and content of valuable metals. It is an important step to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of mine waste rock by adopting a reasonable plan to classify and treat mine waste rock.
Key words: mine waste rock; environmental pollution; recycling; comprehensive utilization
