(1. 东北大学 冶金学院，沈阳 110819；
2. 山东黄金集团，济南 250101；
3. 赤峰柴胡栏子黄金矿业有限公司，赤峰 024039)
摘 要: 迄今为止氰化物仍是黄金冶炼行业主要使用的浸金药剂，我国黄金行业每年产出的氰化尾渣约1亿t。由于氰化尾渣不可避免夹带有毒的可溶性氰根，因此被列入《国家危险废物名录》，对氰化尾渣的高效、低成本脱氰处理是所有黄金冶炼企业面对的共同难题。针对氰化尾渣的性质和特点，目前已有多种氰渣无害化处理技术，部分已实现工业应用。但由于氰渣中存在各种形态的氰化物和硫氰化物，且国家及地方政府的环境标准日趋严格，氰化尾渣脱氰技术的应用面临严峻的挑战。本文对各类氰化尾渣脱氰技术进行综述，基于各种方法的原理对其特点及局限性进行分析，并对压滤-洗涤技术在氰化尾渣处理的应用进行讨论和展望。
关键字: 氰化尾渣；危险废物；氰化；无害化；压滤；滤饼洗涤
（1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China;
2. Shandong Gold Group Co. Ltd., Jinan 250101, China;
3. Chifeng Chaihulanzi Gold Mining Co. Ltd., Chifeng 024039, China）
Abstract:Up to now, cyanide has still been the dominant lixiviant used in the gold extraction. In China, there are about 100 million tons of cyanide containing tailings produced by gold industry every year. As the cyanide tailing inevitably entrains soluble cyanide and its derivative, like cyanate and thiocyanate, it has been enlisted in the National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes. Thus the high-efficient and low-cost de-toxicity treatment of cyanide tailing is a common problem faced by all gold extraction enterprises. According to the different properties and characteristics of the cyanide tailings, many kinds of harmless treatment technologies have been developed and in developing, and some of them have come into commercial practice. However, due to the complexity of existing of various forms of cyanide-related compounds and thiocyanate in cyanide tailings and the increasingly strict environmental standards of national and local governments, great challenge is still posed on the R&D of new treatment technologies. In this paper, a comprehensive review for the cyanide tailings treatment technique was summarized, related to their fundamental mechanism and their practical limitation. Special comment was addressed for the potential application of filter-pressing & cake-washing technology on the treatment of cyanide tailings.
Key words: cyanide tailing; hazardous wastes; cyanidation; cyanide destruction; pressure filtering; cake washing
