(1. 中南大学 轻合金研究院，长沙 410083；
2. 中南大学 机电工程学院，长沙 410083；
3. 航天材料及工艺研究所，北京 100076)
摘 要: 大型航天低温推进剂贮箱由“金属”到“复合材料”的更新换代已成为世界航天工业发展的主要趋势。凭借复合材料在质量和成本方面的巨大优势，大型航天低温复合材料贮箱被认为是未来火星探测、载人登月等大型航天任务的重要保障。然而，复合材料贮箱在低温服役条件下产生的渗漏现象，是其目前面临的技术瓶颈之一，严重制约复合材料贮箱全面服役。从实验研究和理论研究两个方面介绍近20年来国内外主要研究机构及团队在该领域开展的相关研究及取得的成果，在此基础上对复合材料渗漏机理进行归纳总结，进一步给出通过复合材料体系研发、铺层方式改进以及成型工艺优化等提高复合材料抗渗性的解决方案，并对未来复合材料渗漏性能的研究和发展方向进行展望。
关键字: 航天低温复合材料贮箱；渗漏性测试；数值模拟；成型工艺
（1. Institute of Light Alloy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
3. Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China）
Abstract:The replacement of large aerospace cryogenic tanks from ‘metal’ to ‘composites’ has become the main trend of the world space industry development. With the great advantages of composites in terms of mass and cost, the large aerospace composite cryogenic tanks are considered to be an important guarantee for future space missions, such as Mars exploration and manned lunar landing. However, the permeability of the composite tanks under the low temperature service conditions is one of the technical bottlenecks, which seriously restricts the comprehensive service of the composite tanks. The relevant researches and achievements of major research institutions and teams in this field in the past 20 years were introduced from experimental and theoretical research, and on this basis, the leakage mechanism of composite materials was summarized. The solutions for improving the permeability resistance of composites were pointed out, such as exploring the composite material systems, developing the lay-up methods, optimizing the curing processes, et al. The future research and development of the permeability performance of composites were also prospected.
Key words: aerospace composite cryogenic tanks; permeability test; numerical simulation; curing process
