(1. 兰州理工大学 省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室，兰州 730050；
2. 镍钴资源综合利用国家重点实验室，金昌 737100)
摘 要: 稀土由于具有较强的吸附性，在电沉积过程中可以通过提高形核率、阻碍晶粒长大的方式来改善镀层组织，因此会对材料表面改性产生独特优势。稀土掺杂于合金镀层可以使晶粒团簇分布更加均匀，缓蚀晶界，保持晶粒的高度择优取向，增强镀层与基体的结合度，提高镀层的硬度、结合强度、抗氧化性及耐腐蚀性能。本文系统综述了稀土作为镀液添加剂和改善镀层性能的国内外研究现状，以及稀土在不同电沉积体系中的作用机理，提出了稀土在改善材料表面性能方面存在的问题及最有潜力的发展方向。
关键字: 稀土元素；电沉积；镀层；性能改良；晶粒细化
（1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
2. State Key Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Nickel and Cobalt Resources, Jinchang 737100, China）
Abstract:Due to the strong adsorption of rare earths, the coating structure can be improved by increasing the nucleation rate and hindering the growth of crystal grains during the electrodeposition process, which has unique advantages in surface modification of materials. Rare earth doping in the alloy coating can make the distribution of crystal grain clusters more uniform, inhibit the grain boundaries, maintain the highly preferred orientation of the crystal grains, enhance the bond between the coating and the substrate, and improve the hardness, bonding strength, oxidation resistance and resistance of the coating corrosion performance. This paper systematically reviewed the current research status of rare earths as plating bath additives and improving coating performance, as well as the mechanism of rare earths in different electrodeposition systems, and put forward the problems of rare earths for improving the surface properties of materials and the most potential development directions.
Key words: rare earth elements; electrodeposition; plating; performance improvement; grain refinement
