(1. 昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院，昆明 650093；
2. 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司，曲靖 655011)
摘 要: 为提高含锗氧化锌烟尘中锗的浸出率，提出采用富氧常压浸出-中和工艺处理含锗氧化锌烟尘，通过调节合适的酸度控制烟尘中硅的浸出及氧的溶解，避免形成铁硅锗胶体造成锗的损失的同时控制溶液中Fe3+浓度便于烟尘中硫化物的溶出。结果表明：常压富氧条件下，在温度为90 ℃、液固比为7 mL/g、控制终点pH为0.3~0.7的条件下浸出4 h，锗浸出率为83%，较传统工艺条件下的锗浸出率提高13%。浸出渣的物相主要为硫酸铅和硫化锌以及二氧化硅，表面出现多孔、蓬松状结构。锗主要以硅酸盐态赋存，84.94%以该状态赋存的锗被浸出，占总锗的59.24%。浸出液中Fe3+浓度约为0.4 g/L，硅含量约为64.5 mg/L，实现了对Fe3+及Si的控制。采用含锗氧化锌烟尘对溶液进行中和还原，表明控制溶液温度为90 ℃，pH为3.0，反应1.5 h，可将溶液中Fe3+浓度控制在0.025 g/L内，满足后续的沉锗要求。
关键字: 锗；氧化锌烟尘；常压富氧浸出
（1. Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. Yun Nan ChiHong Zn & Ge Co., Ltd., Qujing 650011, China）
Abstract:The atmospheric oxygen enrichment leaching-neutralization process was proposed to deal with the dust. The acidity was controlled to reduce leaching of Si and dissolution of oxygen, avoiding the loss of Ge by iron gel-silica gel, controlling concentration of Fe3+ to leach sulfide. The results indicate that the germanium leaching efficiency can reach 83% under the condition of temperature 90 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 7 mL/g and pH 0.3-0.7 for 4 h. The phase of acid leaching residue contains zinc sulfate, lead sulfate and silicon dioxide, the surface appears porous and loose structure. Most of Ge occurs by silicate. The leaching efficiency of Ge in silicate reaches 84.94%, the proportion reaches 59.24% in all leached germanium. The concentration of ferric and silicon in acid leaching solution are controlled to 0.4 g/L and 64.5 mg/L, respectively. The dust is used to neutralize the acid solution. The neutralization experiment and cycle experiment verify, controlling solution pH in 3.0-3.5 and react for 1.5 h, the concentration of Fe3+ can reduce within 0.025 g/L, meeting the subsequent requirements for extract germanium.
Key words: germanium; zinc oxide dust; atmospheric oxygen enrichment leaching
