(昆明理工大学 冶金与能源工程学院，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 采用人工重砂分析、电子显微镜和电子探针成分分析、化学物相分析、XRD、SEM-EDS等分析手段，对铜冶炼渣进行了矿物学研究。结果表明：铜冶炼渣中的含铜矿物主要以冰铜的形式存在，含铁矿物主要以磁铁矿的形式存在，脉石矿物主要以硅酸铁的形式存在。渣中铜、铁互相嵌布且分布均匀，多种矿物互相包裹，难以直接利用。采用加压氧气低酸度条件下浸出工艺，能够破坏铜、铁嵌布结构，高效选择性浸出铜，将渣中的铁和硅分别转化、重构为赤铁矿和非晶态二氧化硅。在硫酸浓度0.4 mol/L、反应温度200 ℃、液固比6 mL/g、氧分压600 kPa、浸出时间80 min和物料粒度75~150 μm条件下，铜冶炼渣中Cu的浸出率＞95.0%，Fe的浸出率＜0.6%，Si的浸出率＜2.0%，浸出矿浆过滤速率可达378.54 L/(m2？h)；浸出渣中的Fe和Si分别以赤铁矿(α-Fe2O3)和非晶态SiO2的形态存在，且铜含量低于0.1%(质量分数)。
关键字: 铜冶炼渣；矿物学；氧压酸浸；选择性浸出；矿相重构
（Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:By means of artificial heavy sand analysis, electron microscopy and electron probe analysis, chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and DES, the mineralogy of copper smelting slag was studied. The results show that copper bearing minerals in copper slag mainly exist in the form of matte, the iron bearing minerals mainly exist in the form of magnetite, gangue minerals mainly exist in the form of fayalite. Copper and iron in the slag are inlaid with each other and evenly distributed, and many minerals are wrapped with each other, so it is difficult to use them directly. Under the condition of pressure oxygen and low acidity, the leaching process can destroy the structure of copper and iron, extract copper efficiently and selectively, transform and reconstruct the iron and silicon in the slag into hematite and amorphous silica, respectively. Under the conditions of sulfuric acid concentration of 0.4 mol/L, reaction temperature of 200 ℃, liquid-solid ratio of 6 mL/g, oxygen partial pressure of 600 kPa, leaching time of 80 min and particle size of 75-150 μm, the leaching rates of Cu, Fe and Si from copper smelting slag are more than 95.0%, less than 0.6% and less than 2.0%, respectively, and the filtration rate of leaching slurry can reach 378.54 L/(m2？h). Moreover, the iron and silicon in the leached slag are in the form of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and amorphous SiO2, respectively, and the copper content is less than 0.1% (mass fraction).
Key words: copper smelting slag; mineralogy; oxygen pressure acid leaching; selective leaching; phase reconfiguration
