(安徽工业大学 冶金工程学院，马鞍山 243032)
摘 要: 以铜阳极泥分铜液还原所得铂钯精矿为原料，根据其矿物特性选择HCl作为浸出剂湿法脱除Bi、Fe等主要贱金属元素，富集Au、Ag、Pt、Pd等贵金属；通过热力学计算绘制Bi(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)在盐酸体系的组分分布图，实验考察了HCl浓度、Cl-浓度、反应温度和时间等因素对Bi、Fe浸出率的影响。结果表明：在HCl浓度为2 mol/L、不添加Cl-、液固比为20:1、50 ℃恒温反应1 h，渣率仅为24.37%，Bi和Fe的浸出率分别达96.24%和93.08%，浸出液中Bi(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅲ)分别以[BiCl6]3-和[FeCl2]+络合物形式存在，浸出渣的主要成分为Ag、Ti、Fe和Te，含量分别为20.22%、15.25%、5.87%和4.57%，Au、Pt、Pd品位分别为2930 g/t、1980 g/t、1330 g/t，SEM像表明浸出渣呈大小不均的颗粒状，EDS谱显示浸出渣中含有Fe、Ti、Ag等金属元素，XRD结果显示渣的主要物相为AgCl，实现铂钯精矿中杂质的分离及贵金属的富集。
关键字: 铂钯精矿；贵金属；酸性浸出；富集；浸出率
（School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China）
Abstract:The platinum palladium concentrate from copper anode slime was used as raw material. According to its mineral characteristics, HCl was selected as leaching agent to remove the main base metals such as Bi, Fe and enrich the precious metals such as Au, Ag, Pt and Pd. The composition distribution of Bi(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅲ) in hydrochloric acid system was plotted by thermodynamic calculation. The influences of the concentrations of HCl and Cl-, reaction temperature and time, and other factors leaching on efficiencies of Bi and Fe were investigated experimentally. The results show that the leaching efficiencies of Bi and Fe are 96.24% and 93.08%, respectively, when the HCl concentration is 2 mol/L, no chloride ion is added, the liquid-solid ratio is 20:1 and at 50 ℃ for 1 h. Bi (Ⅲ) and Fe (Ⅲ) in the leaching solution are mainly in the forms of [BiCl6]3- and [FeCl2]+ complexes. The main components of the leaching residue are Ag, Ti, Fe and Te, with the contents of 20.22%, 15.25%, 5.87% and 4.57%. The grades of Au, Pt and Pd are 2930 g/t, 1980 g/t and 1330 g/t. The SEM images show that the leached residue is granular with uneven size. The EDS images show that the leached residue contains Fe, Ti, Ag and other metal elements. The results of XRD show that the main phase of the residue is AgCl, which realizes the separation of impurities and the enrichment of precious metals.
Key words: platinum palladium concentrate; precious metals; acid leaching; enrichment; leaching efficiency
