(1. 中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083；
2. 东营方圆有色金属有限公司，东营 257091；
3. 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司，济源 459001；
4. 河南中原黄金冶炼厂有限责任公司，三门峡 472000；
5. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia)
摘 要: 贵金属在高温熔锍中分配行为受熔炼体系和组元热力学性质影响，高温熔锍捕集贵金属有利于降低体系总吉布斯自由能；Au、Ag在渣中损失形式，与Cu损失类似，除少量溶解外，大部分为机械夹杂，占总渣损失的90%以上；引入分配系数和机械悬浮率对贵金属多相平衡模型进行修正，并利用修正模型计算了富氧熔炼铜锍和炉渣中贵金属含量，铜锍中Au、Ag的含量分别为13.29 g/t、825.84 g/t，炉渣中Au、Ag的含量分别为0.53 g/t、33.29 g/t，与实际生产结果一致；入炉精矿成分(Cu、S)和工艺参数(铜锍品位、氧矿比)波动时，对Au、Ag在富氧熔炼过程中分配行为有影响，随着精矿中Cu含量的升高和S含量的降低以及铜锍品位和氧矿比的升高，Au、Ag在铜锍中的分配比例降低，渣中损失增加；降低铜锍机械悬浮率，有利于减少贵金属在渣中的损失、提高贵金属的回收率。
关键字: 富氧熔炼；熔锍；贵金属；捕集机理；分配行为
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., Dongying 257091, China;
3. Henan Yuguang Gold and Lead Co., Ltd., Jiyuan 459001, China;
4. Henan Zhongyuan Gold Smelter Co., Ltd., Shanmenxia 472000, China;
5. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia）
Abstract:The distribution behavior of precious metals in high-temperature molten is affected by the thermodynamic properties of smelting systems and components. The capture of precious metals by high-temperature molten matte is beneficial to reduce the total Gibbs free energy of the system. The loss form of precious metals is similar to copper in the slag, mainly based on mechanical suspension which accounting for more than 90% of the total slag loss. The precious metal multiphase equilibrium model was modified with a mechanical suspension rate. The modified model was used to calculate the Au and Ag contents in the copper smelting process of the typical copper smelting process. The Au contents and Ag contents in matte are 13.29 g/t and 825.84 g/t, and Au and Ag contents in slag are 0.53 g/t, 33.29 g/t, respectively, which are in good agreement with the production results. Then, the distribution behavior of Au and Ag in multiphase were calculated under different concentrate components (Cu, S) and process parameters (matte grade, oxygen-ore ratio). With the increase of Cu content in concentrate, matte grade and oxygen-ore ratio, and the decrease of S content in the concentrate, the distribution ratio of Au and Ag in the copper matte decreases, and the loss in the slag increases. Therefore, reducing the mechanical levitation rate of the copper matte is beneficial to reduce the loss of precious metals in the slag and improve the recovery rate of precious metals.
Key words: oxygen enrichment smelting; molten matte; precious metals; trapping mechanism; distribution behavior
