(1. 西北矿冶研究院 甘肃省有色金属冶炼新工艺及伴生稀散金属高效综合利用重点实验室，白银 730900；
2. 白银有色集团股份有限公司，白银 730900)
摘 要: Cu2+扩散性能和杂质离子含量是影响阴极铜质量的关键指标，通过在循环管道施加水平取向磁场调控Cu2+扩散性能及强化铜电解自净化过程改善阴极铜质量。从磁分离与磁场影响水分子氢键缔合程度和离子水合作用的角度出发，开展水平取向磁场磁化铜电解液的实验，利用火焰原子吸收分光光度法、黏度计、毛细管、电镜扫描分别研究磁场梯度力对电解液铜酸浓度、杂质离子浓度、黏度、表面张力以及阴极铜表观质量的影响，分析水平取向磁场强化铜电解工艺的机理。结果表明：磁场梯度力一方面可放大铜电解液中的抗磁性离子和水分子的磁能，降低水分子间的氢键缔合程度和电解体系的活化能，加快铜电解反应速率，促进砷锑铋离子形成SbAsO4、BiAsO4以及AsSbO4的沉淀。增大溶解氧量和CaSO4的溶解度，促使镍铁锌离子表面形成氧化性保护膜，以提高电解液的清晰度和阴极铜的产量。同时，磁场梯度力可降低电解液的表面张力，导致电解液气泡增多而引发阴极铜表面生成气孔；另一方面，磁场梯度力可缩小顺磁性离子的磁能，增强离子水合作用，调控阳极溶解和阴极铜析出速度，降低铜损失量，改善阴极铜表观质量。综上可知，水平取向磁场作用于铜电解过程存在最佳磁感应强度。
关键字: 金属材料；铜电解；磁场梯度力；能量；自净化
（1. Key Laboratory of New Process for Non-ferrous Metal Smelting and Rare Metal High Utilization Efficiency in Gansu Province, Northwest Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Baiyin 730900, China;
2. Baiyin Nonferrous Group Co., Ltd., Baiyin 730900, China）
Abstract:The diffusion property of Cu2+ and the concentration of impurity ions are the key factors affecting the quality of cathode copper. The horizontal oriented magnetic field is installed on the circulating water pipeline in this paper to improve the quality of cathode copper by regulating the diffusion property of Cu2+ and strengthen the self purification process of copper electrolysis. From the perspective of magnetic separation and the influence of magnetic field on water clusters and ion hydration, the experiment of magnetizing copper electrolyte with horizontal orientation magnetic field was carried out. The effects of magnetic field gradient force on the concentration of cupric acid, impurity ion, viscosity, surface tension and the apparent quality of cathode copper were studied by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, viscometer, capillary tube and scanning electron microscope, and the mechanism of strengthening copper electrolysis process by horizontal orientation magnetic field was analyzed. The results show that the magnetic field gradient force can enlarge the magnetic energy of diamagnetic ions and water molecules in copper electrolyte, reduce the degree of hydrogen bond association of water molecules and the activation energy of electrolysis system, accelerate the reaction of copper electrolysis and the precipitation of SbAsO4, BiAsO4 and AsSbO4, increase the solubility of dissolved oxygen and CaSO4, so it can promote the formation of oxide protective film on the surface of Ni, Fe and Zn, improve the clarity of electrolyte and increase cathode production. On the other hand, the magnetic field gradient force can reduce the magnetic energy of paramagnetic ions, regulate the dissolution of anode and the precipitation of cathode copper, reduce copper loss and improve the apparent quality of cathode copper. At the same time, the magnetic field gradient force can reduce the surface tension of the electrolyte. As a result, the number of bubbles in the electrolyte increases and the pores form on the surface of copper cathode. To sum up, there is an optimum magnetic field intensity when the horizontal orientation magnetic field acts on the copper electrolysis process.
Key words: metal materials; copper electrolysis; magnetic field gradient force; energy, self purification
