(兰州交通大学 材料科学与工程学院，兰州 730070)
摘 要: 探索用简单、环保的方法制备超疏水铝合金，并赋予铝合金优异的耐腐蚀和防污性能，对拓展铝合金的应用非常重要。本文在无需对铝合金表面进行打磨等预处理的情况下，采用简单、环保的醇水溶液一步浸泡法将烷基长链接枝到粗糙化的铝合金表面，制备得到超疏水铝合金，其表面水接触角达153.6°，滚动角小于5°。运用接触角测量、扫描电镜观察、红外光谱表征、防污和耐腐蚀实验依次对超疏水铝合金表面的润湿特性、微观结构、化学形貌及耐腐蚀和防污性能进行分析表征。结果表明：醇水溶液处理一方面使铝合金表面获得了微米-纳米二级粗糙化，另一方面接枝烷基长链，二者的共同作用赋予了铝合金表面优异的超疏水特性，而且其超疏水性能表现出多样性、普适性和良好的稳定性。正是基于这种超疏水特性，铝合金获得了优异的耐腐蚀和防污自清洁性能。
关键字: 铝合金；一步浸泡法；超疏水；防污；耐腐蚀
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China）
Abstract:It is necessary of preparing superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surfaces by simple and environment-friendly method. Meanwhile, it is also quite important of endowing the aluminum alloys with excellent corrosion resistance and anti-fouling performance so that the application scope of aluminum alloys can be expanded. Herein, without pre-polishing, a facile and environment-friendly method was developed to fabricate the superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surface with a one-step immersion in alcohol-water solution. The water contact angle at the resultant aluminum alloy surface can reach 153.6° while the rolling angle is less than 5°. The surface wettability, microstructure, chemical structure, antifouling and anti-corrosion performance of the obtained superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surface were investigated by means of contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrum analysis, antifouling and anti-corrosion experiments, respectively. The results indicate that both micro- and nano-scaled binary structure form on the resultant aluminum alloy surface. Meanwhile, long alkyl chains are grafted chemically onto the rough aluminum alloy surface successfully. Consequently, the aluminum alloy obtains excellent superhydrophobicity. Moreover, the superhydrophobicity has variety, universality, and good stability. Then, just based on the superhydrophobicity, the aluminum alloy wins excellent corrosion resistance and antifouling performance.
Key words: aluminum alloy; one-step immersion; superhydrophobic; antifouling; anti-corrosion
