(1. 昆明理工大学 真空冶金国家工程实验室，昆明 650093；
2. 昆明理工大学 云南省有色金属真空冶金重点实验室 昆明650093；
3. 昆明理工大学 省部共建复杂有色金属资源清洁利用国家重点实验室，昆明 650093)
摘 要: 本文首先介绍了直流电弧等离子体制备纳米钨粉、纳米钼粉等难熔金属纳米粉的研究进展。该方法制备的难熔金属纳米粉具有纯度高、分散性好、粒径小且粒度分布均匀等特点，但难以连续制备，规模化生产难度大。其研究趋势是优化等离子体设备的设计，找到最佳的合成工艺。另外，重点叙述了射频等离子体球化难熔金属粉的研究现状。所制备的球形微粉球化率高，流动性、振实密度与松装密度等性能优异，能实现可控地连续化制备。指出了其研究重点为找到进料速率、载气速率与高球化率、高性能的产物之间的平衡，以更快的速率制备出高品质的产物。最后，对热等离子体制备与球化超细难熔金属粉向着高品质、低成本、大规模可控制备的发展方向进行了展望。
关键字: 热等离子体；超细难熔金属粉；制备；球化
（1. The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China）
Abstract:In this paper, the fabrication of tungsten nanopowders, molybdenum nanopowders, and other refractory metal nanopowders using direct current arc plasma were introduced firstly. The products have high purity, good dispersibility, small particle size and uniform particle size distribution. However, it’s difficult for continuous and large-scale preparation. So, it needs to optimize the design of plasma equipment to find the best synthetic process. In addition, the research status of the radio frequency plasma spheroidized refractory metal powder is described. The product that can be controlled and continuously prepared, has the advantages of high spheroidization rate, flowability, tap density and apparent density. The focus is to find the balance between the feed rate, the carrier gas rate and the high nodularity, high performance and quality products. Finally, the development direction of thermal plasma preparing and spheroidizing ultrafine refractory metal powder with high quality, low cost and large scale controllable preparation is prospected.
Key words: thermal plasma; ultrafine refractory metal powder; preparation; spheroidization
