(1. 江西理工大学 资源与环境工程学院，赣州 341000；
2. 江西理工大学 建筑与测绘工程学院，赣州 341000；
3. 江西离子型稀土工程技术研究有限公司采矿研究室，赣州 341000；
4. 国家离子型稀土资源高效开发利用工程技术研究中心，赣州 341000)
摘 要: 离子型稀土原地浸矿注液过程多凭经验决策，缺乏理论指导，导致稀土资源回收率低，氨氮污染严重。本文选取我国南方某生产中的离子型稀土矿山进行原地浸矿现场实验，测试浸矿前后山体不同位置(山顶、山腰和注液边界)稀土品位和尾矿氨氮残留量，揭示原地浸矿经验注液下离子型稀土浸出和氨氮残留规律。结果表明：1) 离子型稀土原地浸矿经验注液下，浸矿山体不同位置稀土浸出情况不同。从稀土浸出率在深度上的变化规律推断，浸出效果山顶优于山腰优于注液边界。2) 经验淋洗下，尾矿不同位置氨氮残留情况不同。从矿体内氨氮残留量最大值及其所在深度推断，淋洗程度注液边界较山腰充分，山腰较山顶充分。3) 受注液孔辐射程度不同、矿体渗透性空间变异性、杂质离子、注液量和淋洗量、注液时间和淋洗时间等影响，经验注液下稀土浸出与氨氮残留皆呈非均匀性。因此，根据浸矿影响因素建立区块化均衡注液模型，科学指导注液具有重要的现实意义。
关键字: 原地浸矿；离子型稀土；氨氮；注液；淋洗
（1. School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
2. School of Architectural and Surveying& Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
3. Mining Research Laboratory, Jiangxi Ionic Rare Earth Engineering Research Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China;
4. National Engineering Research Center for Ionic Rare Earth, Ganzhou 341000, China）
Abstract:In-situ leaching process of ion-rare earth is mostly based on experience and lack of theory guide, which leads to low resources recovery rate and heavy ammonia-nitrogen residue. An in-situ leaching injection experiment was conducted to unravel the law of ion-rare earth leaching and ammonia-nitrogen residue under empirical injection. The results show that: 1) Judging from the fluctuation rate of leaching rate and variation of leaching rate with depth, the leaching effect on the hilltop is better than hillside than injection boundary. 2) Based on the maximum residual ammonia-nitrogen amount and the depth it occurs, elution degree in injection boundary is higher than the hillside than hilltop. 3) Under the influence of different radiation degrees from injection hole, ore-body permeability spatial variation, et al, leaching rate and residual ammonia-nitrogen amount in empirical injection process present unevenly. Thus, sectional equilibrium injection model was established based on leaching influential factor to instruct scientific injection is of importance.
Key words: in-situ leaching; ionic rare earth; ammonia-nitrogen; injection; elution
