(江西理工大学 江西省矿业工程重点实验室，赣州 341000)
摘 要: 通过纯矿物浮选试验、吸附量和动电位测试及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析，研究黄原胶对黄铜矿、闪锌矿浮选行为的影响，考察黄原胶对闪锌矿的抑制作用机理。结果表明：捕收剂为丁黄药时，黄铜矿和闪锌矿基本都可浮，难以分离。黄原胶能较强地抑制闪锌矿且不随pH的变化而变化，而对黄铜矿的抑制作用较弱且随pH降低抑制效果增强。使用黄原胶为抑制剂时，在pH 7~11区间可以实现黄铜矿和闪锌矿的浮选分离。黄原胶在黄铜矿和闪锌矿表面均能吸附，但其在黄铜矿表面的吸附量显著高于在闪锌矿表面的吸附量，同时对闪锌矿表面性质影响也较大。黄原胶主要通过与闪锌矿表面生成的氧化锌或氢氧化锌发生化学反应而吸附在闪锌矿表面，因此黄原胶更容易吸附在容易氧化的闪锌矿表面。
关键字: 黄铜矿；闪锌矿；黄原胶；浮选；抑制机理
（Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China）
Abstract:The effect of xanthan gum on flotation behavior of chalcopyrite and sphalerite was studied and the depression mechanism of xanthan gum on sphalerite was investigated through flotation test, adsorption test, zeta potential test and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis. The flotation results show that chalcopyrite and sphalerite have good flotability and it is difficult to separate them when potassium butyl xanthate is used as collector. Xanthan gum has strong depression effect on sphalerite and the depression effect is not affected by pH, but its depression effect on chalcopyrite is weak and increases with the decrease of pH. With xanthan gum as depressant, the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and sphalerite can be achieved in the pH range of 7-11. The adsorption test and zeta potential analysis results show that xanthan gum can absorb on the surfaces of both chalcopyrite and sphalerite, but the adsorption amount on the surface of chalcopyrite is significantly higher than that on the surface of sphalerite, which also has a greater influence on the surface properties of sphalerite. XPS analysis results show that xanthan gum mainly adsorbs on the sphalerite surface through chemical reaction with the zinc oxide or zinc hydroxide that formed on sphalerite surface. So xanthan gum adsorbs more easily on sphalerite surface as it is easier to oxidize than chalcopyrite.
Key words: chalcopyrite; sphalerite; xanthan gum; flotation; depression mechanism
