(1. 北京科技大学 金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083；
2. 北京科技大学 土木与资源工程学院，北京 100083；
3. 金川集团股份有限公司，金昌 737100)
摘 要: 针对矿山采用水泥胶凝材料充填成本较高的问题，利用当地矿渣和粉煤灰等固废资源开发低成本胶凝材料，并基于矿山现有的充填系统对料浆配比进行优化，在满足矿山要求的前提下，以期达到最大经济效益。首先，对试验材料进行物化分析；其次，采用正交试验、极差分析等方法进行复合胶凝材料配比优化试验，确定优化配比为粉煤灰10%、熟料8%、脱硫石膏14%、矿渣微粉68%，并利用XRD和SEM等手段来探究复合胶凝材料的水化产物及其微观结构，进一步揭示其水化机理；最后，在此基础上利用该胶凝材料进行充填料浆配比试验，并以7 d强度、28 d强度、泌水率、塌落度和充填成本为指标基于多目标模糊综合评判法进行料浆配比优化。结果表明：以采用复合胶凝材料、尾砂和戈壁集料配比1:1、胶砂比1:6、质量分数78%为最优配比，并以此配比进行验证试验，得到相应的7 d强度、28 d强度、泌水率和塌落度分别为1.76 MPa、4.82 MPa、5.98%和23.2 cm。充填体强度、料浆稳定性和料浆流动性均满足矿山要求，并且充填成本为103元/m3，较原来195元/m3的充填成本降低了47%。
关键字: 充填采矿法；矿渣；粉煤灰；胶凝材料；模糊综合评判；配比优化
（1. Key Laboratory of High Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine, Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
2. School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Jinchuan Group Co., Ltd., Jinchang 737100, China）
Abstract:In view of the high cost of cement cementing materials in mines, the low-cost cementitious materials were developed by using local solid waste resources, such as slag and fly ash; and the filling slurry ratio was optimized based on the existing filling system of the mines, so as to achieve maximum economic benefits on the premise of meeting the requirements of mines. Firstly, the physical and chemical analysis of the test material was carried out. Secondly, the orthogonal test and range analysis were used to optimize the proportion of composite cementitious material, and the optimized ratio was determined to be 10% fly ash(FA) , 8% clinker, 14% desulfurization gypsum(DSG)and 68% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). The hydration products and microstructure of composite cementitious material were explored by means of XRD and SEM, and its hydration mechanism was further revealed. Finally, based on this, the cementitious material was used to carry out the filling slurry ratio experiment, and the slurry ratio was optimized based on multi-objective fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method with 7 d strength, 28 d strength, bleeding rate(BR), slump and filling cost as indicators. The results show that, when the composite cementitious material is used, the ratio of tailings to Gobi aggregate is 1:1, the cement-sand ratio (CSR) is 1:6 and the mass concentration(MC) is 78% as the optimum proportion; and the verification test is carried out with this ratio, and the corresponding 7 d strength, 28 d strength, bleeding rate and slum pare 1.76 MPa, 4.82 MPa, 5.98% and 23.2 cm, respectively, which meet the requirements of the mine, and the filling cost is 103 yuan/m3, which is 47% lower than the original filling cost of 195 yuan/m3.
Key words: filling mining method; slag; fly ash; composite cementitious materials; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; proportion optimization
