(1. 大连理工大学 工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室，大连 116024；
2. 中国工程物理研究院 应用电子学研究所，绵阳 621900)
摘 要: 碳纤维增强铝基复合材料具有诸多优良性能，在航空航天以及民用领域有广阔的应用前景。在碳纤维表面电镀镍涂层，可有效改善碳纤维与铝基体的润湿性，并抑制基体对纤维的损伤。镍涂层的质量与改善效果密切相关。通过预氧化处理并结合超声振荡辅助电镀的方法在纤维表面沉积镍涂层，解决碳纤维在电镀过程中因纤维束丝难以分散而出现的“黑心”问题。在此基础上，研究电镀工艺参数对涂层质量的影响规律，并对优化工艺参数后制备的镍涂层与碳纤维的结合强度进行评价。结果表明：使用添加剂可提高镍涂层与碳纤维之间的结合力，当电镀液pH值调整到3~4、电流密度大于0.3 A/dm2、电镀液温度控制在20~40 ℃时，所制备的镍涂层均匀致密。
关键字: 碳纤维；铝基复合材料；电镀；镍涂层；微观结构
（1. State Key Laboratory of Structural Analyses for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
2. Institute of Applied electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China）
Abstract:Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite (Cf/Al-based composite) is a typical structure material used for widely applications. To overcome the poor wetting ability and the chemical reaction between Cf and aluminum, it is necessary to electroplate Ni coatings on the surface of Cf. In this study, Cf were pre-oxidized and an electroplating technique assisted with the ultra-sonic vibration were used to deposit Ni coating on the Cf. The results show that such electroplating technique could effectively deposit a homogeneous Ni coating on the Cf without the ‘black core’ phenomenon. Moreover, the influences of electroplating parameters on the microstructure of nickel coatings were investigated systematically. The interfacial bonding strength between Ni coatings and Cf was evaluated by the thermal shock method. The results indicate that the interfacial bonding strength is significantly improved. In addition, the suitable electroplating parameters are identified in terms of the microstructures of Ni coatings.
Key words: carbon fiber; aluminum matrix composite; electroplating technique; nickel coating; microstructure
