(1. 湖南工业大学 冶金与材料工程学院，株洲 412007；
2. 中国中车 株洲电力机车有限公司，株洲 412007)
摘 要: 采用喷射成形技术制备7A04铝合金及玄武岩颗粒增强7A04铝合金复合材料，利用金相显微镜(OM)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析复合材料微观组织和界面结构，对比研究复合材料的力学性能。结果表明：玄武岩颗粒在铝基体中弥散分布，并与铝基体形成强力结合界面，玄武岩颗粒边缘的SiO2不断被反应生成的Al2O3取代，形成一层几十纳米厚度的高温反应层，反应生成的Al2O3强化玄武岩颗粒与铝基体的结合界面；弥散分布的玄武岩颗粒促进基体中位错增殖、空位形成和析出相的析出，析出相主要以板状的η(MgZn2)相和亮白色条状或椭球状的T(Al2Mg3Zn3)相为主，结合界面、高位错密度及弥散分布的第二相显著提高复合材料的力学性能，添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金复合材料的屈服强度和极限拉伸强度分别达667 MPa 和696 MPa，与未添加玄武岩颗粒的7A04铝合金相比分别提高10.4%和10.1%。
关键字: 玄武岩颗粒；铝基复合材料；微观结构；界面结构；力学性能
（1. School of Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China;
2. CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412007, China）
Abstract:The 7A04 aluminum alloy and basalt particle reinforced 7A04 aluminum composite (BP/7A04 Al composite) were prepared by spray forming technology. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the basalt particles uniformly disperse in the aluminum matrix, and form strong interface with the aluminum substrate. SiO2 on the edge of the basalt particles replaced by Al2O3 is produced by chemical reactions, form a high temperature reaction layer of tens of nanometers, and the combination interface of basalt particles and aluminum matrix is strengthened by Al2O3. Diffuse distribution basalt particles promote the dislocation multiplication, vacancy formation and phase precipitation in the matrix, and the main precipitations are plate η(MgZn2) and a bright white strip or elliptic spherical T(Al2Mg3Zn3) phase. Combined interface, the high dislocation density and second phase of diffuse distribution significantly improve the mechanical properties of composite materials. Al2O3 layer with thickness of several tens of nanometers forms on the basalt-Al boundary. The formation of the Al2O3 layer improves the interface bonding strength between the basalt particles and the aluminum matrix. The yield strength of BP/7A04 Al composite (667 MPa) is increased by 10.4%, meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength (696 MPa) is increased by 10.1%. The use of basalt particles to reinforce 7A04 aluminum alloy results in the improvement of mechanical properties, comparing to those of 7A04 aluminum alloy.
Key words: basalt particles; aluminum matrix composites; microstructure; interface structure; mechanical properties
