(1. 东北大学 冶金学院，沈阳 110004；
2. 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 钒钛技术研究所，承德 067102)
摘 要: 针对含钒钢渣存在的钙和铁含量高、钒含量低等难以利用的问题，本文研究了含钒钢渣选择性预处理工艺，通过降低含钒钢渣的钙钒比(CaO/V2O5 比)，获得可利用的钒原料。通过分析含钒钢渣在盐酸体系下的分解行为，考察了酸度、反应温度、粒度及液固比等因素对溶出过程的影响，并探讨了反应机理。结果表明：含钒钢渣最优预处理工艺条件为初始酸度2 mol/L、反应温度40 ℃、液固比8:1、含钒钢渣粒度74~124 μm、反应时间10 min。在此最优条件下，CaO含量(质量分数)由41.09%降至14.28%，CaO/V2O5 比由16降至3，MnO2、MgO、FeO、SiO2的溶出率分别达到39%、47%、39% 和55%。随着反应的进行，游离氧化钙、氧化铁、铁酸钙等矿相破坏，富集钒的硅酸二钙和硅酸三钙等矿相无变化。经碳酸钠浸出后，钒的提取率由80%提高到85%以上。
关键字: 含钒钢渣；预处理；浸出；盐酸
（1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China;
2. Institute of Vanadium Titanium Technology, HBIS Group Cheng Steel, Chengde 067102, China）
Abstract:Because of high Ca and Fe contents and low vanadium content, the vanadium-bearing steel slag cannot be utilized synthetically. Available vanadium materials are obtained by selective pretreatment method. The dissolution behaviors of Ca and other impurity elements from vanadium-bearing steel slag in hydrochloric acid system were studied. The effects of the hydrochloric acid concentration, the leaching temperature, the particle size and the liquid-to-solid ratio on the dissolution rate were investigated. And the dissolution mechanism of the process was also investigated. The experimental results show that the optimal pretreatment conditions is as follows: the initial HCl concentration of 2 mol/L, reaction temperature of 40 ℃, liquid-to-solid ratio of 8:1, reaction time of 10 min, and particle size of 74-124 μm. The content of CaO decreases from 41.09% to 14.28%, the CaO/V2O5 ratio decreases from 16 to 3, and the dissolution rates of MnO2, MgO, FeO and SiO2 are 39%, 47%, 39% and 55% respectively. With the reaction process, the mineral phases of free calcium oxide, iron oxide and calcium ferrite are destroyed, while the mineral phases of dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate are unchanged. After leaching with sodium carbonate, the extraction rate of vanadium increases from 80% to 85%.
Key words: vanadium-bearing steel slag; pretreatment; leaching; hydrochloric acid
