(中南大学 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 高熵合金是一类由4、5种或者更多金属元素，以近等原子比例构成的新型金属材料，也称为复杂组元合金。由于其主要组元的非单一性，该类合金具有比传统合金特殊的性能，例如高的强度和韧性、优异的耐腐蚀性能和抗辐照性能等，但在制备方面，材料的组织均匀性以及缺陷控制也存在较大难度。粉末冶金与铸锭冶金相比，在复杂成分合金的元素分布均匀性、组织细小程度以及近型成形等方面，具有明显优势。本文首先介绍了高熵合金的基本特性，综述了高熵合金的粉末冶金制备工艺，包括粉末制备、致密化工艺、近型成形技术等，随后阐述了材料在组织和性能研究方面的基础科学问题，最后对粉末冶金高熵合金及其复合材料的成分设计、性能优化和工程应用提出了建议和展望。
关键字: 高熵合金；粉末冶金；显微组织；力学性能
（State Key Lab of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:High entropy alloys (HEA) are a novel kind of materials based on four or five (or more) metallic elements with near equal atomic ratio, which are also called compositional complex alloys (CCAs). High entropy alloys have novel properties compared with conventional alloys, such as high strength and toughness, excellent corrosion resistance and radiation resistance, due to the multi-principal element compositions. However, the homogeneity of microstructures and the control of crystal defects are difficult for high entropy alloy ingots. Compared with casting, powder metallurgy (PM) is a much better way to prepare HEAs with homogeneous compositions and fine microstructures. In this paper, the basic characteristics of HEAs were introduced firstly, and then, the PM methods, such as fabrication of powders, densification technologies and near-net shaping methods, for HEAs were summarized. Subsequently, the relationship of microstructures and properties of PM HEAs were discussed. Finally, some suggestions and prospects on compositional design, optimization of properties and engineering applications for PM HEAs were provided.
Key words: high entropy alloy; powder metallurgy; microstructure; mechanical property
