(1. 中南大学 冶金与环境学院，长沙 410083；
2. 厦门钨业股份有限公司，厦门 361026；
3. 中国五矿集团有限公司·郴州钻石钨制品有限责任公司，郴州 423037；
4. 中南大学 稀有金属冶金与材料制备湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 新中国成立70年以来，我国钨冶金完成了从无到有、从弱到强的转变。尤其是改革开放40年来，我国钨提取冶金理论和技术不断发展，在低品位复杂资源处理、生产过程节能环保等方面均取得了长足进步。早期的钨冶炼主要采用的是苏打烧结法，主体为火法工艺。改革开放后，钨冶金工作者通过长期的理论和实践研究，相继研发了适用于我国资源状况和产业需求的一系列湿法工艺：在矿物分解方面主要有热球磨法和碱压煮法；净化转型方面提出了碱性离子交换和酸性溶剂萃取技术；在相似元素钨钼分离方面，发明了树脂吸附法和选择性沉淀法。这些技术方法的不同组合，形成了各具特色的工艺路线。进入21世纪后，又发明了“硫磷混酸工艺”，更加适用于资源、环保的新形势。事实表明，经过钨冶金工作者的共同努力，我国在钨提取冶金方面已处于世界领先水平，未来将朝矿物高效利用、清洁生产、杂质深度分离等方向发展。
关键字: 钨；资源；提取冶金；技术进步
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Xiamen Tungsten Co, Ltd., Xiamen 361026, China;
3. China Minmetals Corporation Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten products Co., Ltd., Chenzhou 423037, China;
4. Hunan Key laboratory for Metallurgy and Material Processing of Rare Metals, Central South University, Changsha 410083 China）
Abstract:With the continuous development of tungsten metallurgy during the last 70 years, China tungsten industry has transformed from small and weak to big and strong. Especially, in the last forty years since the China’s reform and opening-up, China has achieved substantial progress in refractory tungsten minerals decomposition, energy conservation and environmental protection. The tungsten metallurgy was used to pyrometallurgy due to the imported technical fundamentals of sintering soda method. Since the China’s reform and opening-up, through the long-term theoretical study and the practice research, Chinese metallurgists have developed a series of hydrometallurgical processes which are suitable to domestic resources status and industrial demands, including mechanical activation and alkali autoclave in alkaline decomposition, the alkali ion exchange and acid solvent extraction for purification and transition, resin adsorption and selective precipitation in separation of tungsten and molybdenum similar elements. Different combinations of technical methods have resulted in different process routes. After entering the 21st century, the “mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acid process for the extraction of tungsten” started to be applied because of the resource utilization and environmental protection. Through the combined efforts of tungsten metallurgists, China’s extractive metallurgy of tungsten is at the world’s leading level now, and it would develop towards efficient utilization of minerals, cleaner process and deep separation of impurities.
Key words: tungsten; resources; extractive metallurgy; technological progress
