(江西理工大学 建筑与测绘工程学院，赣州 341000)
摘 要: 离子型稀土矿中的稀土元素的浸取率主要受浸矿剂用量影响。浸矿过程是一个可逆的化学平衡反应，基于化学平衡理论，通过理论推导，建立稀土离子浸取率与浸矿剂用量之间的计算模型。分别以低品位矿样P和高品位矿样X为研究对象，首先，通过杯浸实验确定相关参数，并推导出浸取率与浸矿剂用量的计算模型；其次，通过预设浸取率，进行室内柱浸实验；最后，对该计算模型的工业应用进行可行性分析。结果表明：预设浸取率为80 %、85 %和90 %时，矿样P和矿样X的实际平均浸取率分别为79.65 %、85.14 %、90.42 %和79.46%、 85.19 %、90.36 %，与预设浸取率的相对误差小于1%。该计算模型误差较小，可以为不同性质矿山浸矿剂用量的确定提供技术支持。
关键字: 离子型稀土矿；离子交换平衡；质量作用商；浸矿剂用量；RE浸取率
（School of Architectural and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China）
Abstract:The RE leaching efficiency of ion-type rare earth ore is mainly affected by the dosage of leaching agent. The process of leaching is a reversible chemical equilibrium reaction. Based on the theory of chemistry balance, a model was built to calculate the relationship between RE leaching efficiency and the dosage of ammonium sulfate ore leaching agent by theoretical derivation. Samples P in low grade ore and samples X in high grade ore were taken as research objects, respectively. First, the related parameters were determined via the cup leaching experiment, and the relationship between the leaching efficiency of the ore type and the dosage of the leaching agent was deduced. Second, the indoor column leaching experiment was done under the condition of setting preset leaching efficiency. Last, the feasibility for industrial application of computational model was analyzed. It is found that, when the preset leaching rates are 80%, 85% and 90%, the actual average leaching rates of sample P are 79.65%, 85.14% and 90.42%, the actual average leaching rates of sample X are 79.46%, 85.19% and 90.36%, the relative error is less than 1 %. The results show that the error of the calculation model is small, and it can provide technical support for determining the amount of ore leaching agent in different properties.
Key words: ion-type rare earth ore; ion exchange equilibrium; quotient of quality; dosage of leaching agent; RE leaching efficiency
